J/A+A/607/A22 Monoceros R2 filament hub FIR observations (Rayner+, 2017) ================================================================================ Far-infrared observations of a massive cluster forming in the Monoceros R2 filament hub. Rayner T., Griffin M., Schneider N., Motte F., Koenyves V., Andre P., Di Francesco J., Didelon P., Pattle K., Ward-Thompson D., Anderson L.D., Benedettini M., Bernard J.-P., Bontemps S., Elia D., Fuente A., Hennemann M., Hill T., Kirk J., Marsh K., Men'shchikov A., Nguyen Luong Q., Peretto N., Pezzuto S., Rivera-Ingraham A., Roy A., Rygl K., Sanchez-Monge A., Spinoglio L., Tige J., Trevino-Morales S.P., White G.J. =2017A&A...607A..22R (SIMBAD/NED BibCode) ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: Infrared sources ; Interstellar medium ; Protostars Keywords: ISM: individual objects: Mon R2 - H II regions - stars: protostars - stars: formation - ISM: structure - dust, extinction Abstract: We present far-infrared observations of Monoceros R2 (a giant molecular cloud at approximately 830pc distance, containing several sites of active star formation), as observed at 70um, 160um, 250um, 350um, and 500um by the PACS and SPIRE instruments on the Herschel Space Observatory as part of the HOBYS Key programme. The Herschel data are complemented by SCUBA-2 data in the submillimetre range, and WISE and Spitzer data in the mid-infrared. In addition, C^18^O data from the IRAM 30-m Telescope are presented, and used for kinematic information. Sources were extracted from the maps with getsources, and from the fluxes measured, spectral energy distributions were constructed, allowing measurements of source mass and dust temperature. Of 177 Herschel sources robustly detected in the region (a detection with high signal-to-noise and low axis ratio at multiple wavelengths), including protostars and starless cores, 29 are found in a filamentary hub at the centre of the region (a little over 1% of the observed area). These objects are on average smaller, more massive, and more luminous than those in the surrounding regions (which together suggest that they are at a later stage of evolution), a result that cannot be explained entirely by selection effects. These results suggest a picture in which the hub may have begun star formation at a point significantly earlier than the outer regions, possibly forming as a result of feedback from earlier star formation. Furthermore, the hub may be sustaining its star formation by accreting material from the surrounding filaments. Description: Fluxes and information for the 177 sources found in Mon R2. Fluxes were taken from Herschel, Spitzer, SCUBA-2, and WISE observations, and were extracted by getsources (aside from the WISE fluxes, which were taken from the preexisting WISE catalogue). Information includes temperature, mass, luminosity, mean H_2_ density, and potential identity. File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file monr2cat.dat 690 177 Fluxes and information for the 177 sources snapshots/* . 178 Source snapshot files (eps) c18o/* . 93724 C^18^O spectra in fits -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: monr2cat.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2- 4 I3 --- Seq [1/177] Source number ordered by mass 7- 11 A5 --- --- [HOBYS] 13- 28 A16 --- HOBYS HOBYS name (JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS) 31- 37 F7.4 deg RAdeg J2000 Right Ascension 40- 47 F8.5 deg DEdeg J2000 Declination 49- 59 F11.7 Jy/beam Fpeak70 ? Peak intensity at 70 microns 61- 70 F10.7 Jy/beam e_Fpeak70 ? Peak intensity uncertainty 71- 82 F12.7 Jy Ftot70 ? Total flux density at 70 microns 85- 93 F9.6 Jy e_Ftot70 ? Total flux density uncertainty 95- 99 F5.1 arcsec FWHMA70 Major FWHM at 70 microns 101-104 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB70 Minor FWHM at 70 microns 106-110 F5.1 deg Theta70 Axis orientation at 70 microns 113-121 F9.5 Jy/beam Fpeak160 ? Peak intensity at 160 microns 123-130 F8.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak160 ? Peak intensity uncertainty 132-140 F9.4 Jy Ftot160 ? Total flux density at 160 microns 142-149 F8.5 Jy e_Ftot160 ? Total flux density uncertainty 151-154 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA160 Major FWHM at 160 microns 156-159 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB160 Minor FWHM at 160 microns 161-165 F5.1 deg Theta160 Axis orientation at 160 microns 167-174 F8.4 Jy/beam Fpeak250 Peak intensity at 250 microns 176-182 F7.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak250 Peak intensity uncertainty 186-193 F8.4 Jy Ftot250 Total flux density at 250 microns 195-201 F7.5 Jy e_Ftot250 Total flux density uncertainty 203-206 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA250 Major FWHM at 250 microns 208-211 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB250 Minor FWHM at 250 microns 213-217 F5.1 deg Theta250 Axis orientation at 250 microns 219-226 F8.4 Jy/beam Fpeak350 Peak intensity at 350 microns 228-234 F7.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak350 Peak intensity uncertainty 236-243 F8.4 Jy Ftot350 Total flux density at 350 microns 245-251 F7.5 Jy e_Ftot350 Total flux density uncertainty 253-256 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA350 Major FWHM at 350 microns 257-261 F5.1 arcsec FWHMB350 Minor FWHM at 350 microns 263-267 F5.1 deg Theta350 Axis orientation at 350 microns 269-276 F8.5 Jy/beam Fpeak500 Peak intensity at 500 microns 278-284 F7.5 Jy/beam e_Fpeak500 Peak intensity uncertainty 286-293 F8.5 Jy Ftot500 Total flux density at 500 microns 295-301 F7.5 Jy e_Ftot500 Total flux density uncertainty 303-306 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA500 Major FWHM at 500 microns 308-311 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB500 Minor FWHM at 500 microns 313-317 F5.1 deg Theta500 Axis orientation at 500 microns 319-327 F9.7 Jy/beam Fpeak24 ? Peak intensity at 24 microns 329-337 F9.7 Jy/beam e_Fpeak24 ? Peak intensity uncertainty 339-347 F9.7 Jy Ftot24 ? Total flux density at 24 microns 349-357 F9.7 Jy e_Ftot24 ? Total flux density uncertainty 359-363 F5.1 arcsec FWHMA24 Major FWHM at 24 microns 365-368 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB24 Minor FWHM at 24 microns 371-375 F5.1 deg Theta24 Axis orientation at 24 microns 379-387 F9.7 Jy/beam Fpeak850 Peak intensity at 850 microns 389-397 F9.7 Jy/beam e_Fpeak850 Peak intensity uncertainty 399-407 F9.7 Jy Ftot850 ? Total flux density at 850 microns 409-417 F9.7 Jy e_Ftot850 ? Total flux density uncertainty 419-422 F4.1 arcsec FWHMA850 Major FWHM at 850 microns 425-428 F4.1 arcsec FWHMB850 Minor FWHM at 850 microns 431-435 F5.1 deg Theta850 Axis orientation at 850 microns 439-449 F11.9 Jy F3.4 ? WISE flux at 3.4 microns 451-461 F11.9 Jy e_F3.4 ? Uncertainty on flux at 3.4 microns 462-473 F12.9 Jy F4.6 ? WISE flux at 4.6 microns 475-485 F11.9 Jy e_F4.6 ? Uncertainty on flux at 4.6 microns 487-499 F13.9 Jy F12 ? WISE flux at 12 microns 501-511 F11.9 Jy e_F12 ? Uncertainty on flux at 12 microns 513-525 F13.9 Jy F22 ? WISE flux at 22 microns 527-537 F11.9 Jy e_F22 ? Uncertainty on flux at 22 microns 539-557 A19 --- WISE Name of WISE source, JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s (AllWISE, Cutri et al., 2013, Cat. II/328) 561-568 F8.5 K Tdust Source dust temperature 570-578 F9.6 K e_Tdust Uncertainty on temperature 581-590 F10.7 Msun Mgas Source gas mass 593-601 F9.7 Msun e_Mgas Uncertainty on mass 603-614 F12.7 Lsun Lbol Bolometric luminosity 616-624 F9.7 pc RefSize Reference size 626-636 F11.2 cm-3 Density Mean H2 number density 638-653 A16 --- Type Source type 654 A1 --- n_Type [*] Note on Type (1) 658-662 A5 --- Note Source location 664-687 A24 --- SIMBAD Possible source identity from SIMBAD 690 A1 --- Ref Reference for identity (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): Types marked with an asterisk (*) indicate sources that were assigned the "Bound dense core" type using the C^18^O data. Note (2): The references for the source identities are as follows: a = 2MASS catalogue, Cutri et al. (2003, Cat II/246) b = Beckwith et al. 1976 (1990AJ.....99..924B) c = Gutermuth et al. 2009 (2009ApJS..184...18G, Cat. J/ApJS/184/18) d = JCMT Survey SCUBA Fundamental, Di Francesco et al. (2008ApJS..175..277D, Cat J/ApJS/175/277) e = Tafalla et al. (1997ApJ...474..329T) f = Hodapp (2007AJ....134.2020H) g = NRAO VLA Sky Survey, Condon et al. (1998AJ....115.1693C, Cat. VIII/65) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgements: Tom Rayner, tsmrayner(at)yahoo.co.uk ================================================================================ (End) Patricia Vannier [CDS] 22-Sep-2017