J/ApJ/854/66 Swift observations of Mrk 421. I. 2005-2008 (Kapanadze+, 2018) ================================================================================ Swift observations of Mrk 421 in selected epochs. I. The spectral and flux variability in 2005-2008. Kapanadze B., Vercellone S., Romano P., Hughes P., Aller M., Aller H., Kharshiladze O., Kapanadze S., Tabagari L. =2018ApJ...854...66K (SIMBAD/NED BibCode) ================================================================================ ADC_Keywords: BL Lac objects; X-ray sources; Photometry, ultraviolet Keywords: BL Lacertae objects: Mrk421 Abstract: We present detailed results of Swift observations of the nearby TeV-detected blazar Mrk 421, based on the rich archival data obtained during 2005 March-2008 June. The best fits of the 0.3-10keV spectra were mainly obtained using the log-parabolic model, yielding low spectral curvatures expected in the case of the efficient stochastic acceleration of particles. During strong X-ray flares, the position of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution peak E_p_ was beyond 8keV for 41 spectra, while it sometimes was situated at the UV frequencies in quiescent states. The photon index at 1 keV exhibited a broad range, and the values a<1.70 were observed during the strong flares, hinting at the possible presence of a jet hadronic component. The spectral parameters were correlated in some periods, expected in the framework of the first- and second-order Fermi accelerations of X-ray emitting particles, as well as in the case of turbulence spectrum. The 0.3-10keV flux and spectral parameters sometimes showed very fast variability down to the fluctuations by 6-20% in 180-960s, possibly related to the small-scale turbulent areas containing strongest magnetic fields. X-ray and very high-energy fluxes often showed correlated variability, although several occurrences of more complicated variability patterns are also revealed, indicating that the multifrequency emission of Mrk 421 could not be generated in a single zone. Description: The source was observed 109 times by XRT between 2005 March 20 and 2008 June 12, with a total exposure of 367.4ks. The source was observed in the ultraviolet bands UVW1, UVM2, and UVW2 at the central wavelengths of 2600{AA}, 2200{AA}, and 193{AA}, respectively (along with the 0.3-10 band) and an average duration of 150s in each filter, ranging between 50 and 900s. The information about each pointing and the corresponding count rates are provided in Table 1. Objects: ---------------------------------------------------------- RA (ICRS) DE Designation(s) ---------------------------------------------------------- 11 04 27.31 +38 12 31.8 Mrk 421 = LEDA 33452 ---------------------------------------------------------- File Summary: -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FileName Lrecl Records Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ReadMe 80 . This file table1.dat 135 109 Summary of the XRT and UVOT observations in 2005 March - 2008 June table2.dat 137 868 Results of the spectral analysis with the log-parabolic model table5.dat 112 330 Results of the spectral analysis with the power-law model table7.dat 180 118 Summary of the 0.3-10keV intra-day variabilities (IDVs) in 2005 March - 2008 June -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See also: B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-) VIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005) J/ApJS/233/17 : Swift/BAT AGN spectrosc. survey. V. X-ray data (Ricci+, 2017) J/ApJS/232/7 : 8yr R-band photopolarimetry of blazar Mrk 421 (Fraija+, 2017) J/ApJ/848/103 : ~1.5yr Swift observations of Mrk 421 (Kapanadze+, 2017) J/ApJ/831/102 : Swift and NuSTAR obs. of the BL Lac Mrk 421 (Kapanadze+, 2016) J/A+A/593/A91 : Mrk 421 multi-wavelength variability, 2007-2009 (Ahnen+, 2016) J/ApJS/222/6 : 4.5yr obs. of Mrk421 with ARGO-YBJ + Fermi (Bartoli+, 2016) J/ApJS/226/20 : X-ray, opt. + radio SEDs of Fermi blazars (Fan+, 2016) J/A+A/578/A22 : Mrk421 in March 2010 (Aleksic+, 2015) J/A+A/576/A126 : The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk421 (Aleksic+, 2015) J/A+A/563/A57 : Long-term variability of AGN at hard X-rays (Soldi+, 2014) J/other/RAA/14.1135 : Doppler factor for a Fermi blazar sample (Fan+, 2014) J/ApJS/209/14 : The Swift/BAT hard X-ray transient monitor (Krimm+, 2013) J/ApJS/207/16 : BL Lac candidates for TeV observations (Massaro+, 2013) J/A+A/559/A75 : 43GHz observation of the blazar Mrk 421 (Blasi+, 2013) J/A+A/545/A117 : Monitoring of Mrk 421 at 15 and 24 GHz (Lico+, 2012) J/A+A/541/A160 : Planck + X/{gamma} observations of blazars (Giommi+, 2012) J/ApJ/761/125 : X and {gamma} spectral indexes of Fermi blazars (Fan+, 2012) J/ApJS/194/29 : Observations of blazars at 15GHz (Richards+, 2011) J/A+A/520/A47 : Blazars in the Swift-BAT hard X-ray sky (Maselli+, 2010) J/MNRAS/407/2399 : AGN activity and black hole mass (McKernan+, 2010) J/ApJ/716/30 : SED of Fermi bright blazars (Abdo+, 2010) J/ApJ/681/113 : Swift BAT survey of AGNs (Tueller+, 2008) J/A+A/476/759 : X-ray properties of AGN from the CJF sample (Britzen+, 2007) J/A+A/434/385 : X-ray/radio data of high energy peaked BL Lacs (Giommi+, 2005) J/A+A/401/927 : The HRX-BL Lac sample (Beckmann+, 2003) J/ApJ/525/127 : RGB sample of BL Lacertae objects (Laurent-Muehleisen+, 1999) Byte-by-byte Description of file: table1.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 9 I9 --- obsID Observation identifier 11- 20 A10 "Y/M/D" start.date UTC date of observation start 22- 29 A8 "h:m:s" start.time UTC time of observation start 31- 40 A10 "Y/M/D" end.date UTC date of observation end 42- 49 A8 "h:m:s" end.time UTC time of observation end 51- 55 I5 s Exp [319/33289] Exposure time 57- 62 F6.2 ct/s XRT [7.6/156] Observation-binned 0.3-10keV count rate 64- 69 F6.2 ct/s e_XRT [0.04/0.6] Uncertainty in XRT 71- 75 F5.2 mag uvw1mag [11.4/12.8]? De-reddened Swift/UVOT uvw1 band magnitude 77- 80 F4.2 mag e_uvw1mag [0.03/0.3]? Uncertainty in uvw1mag 82- 86 F5.2 mJy Fuvw1 [7/24]? De-reddened Swift/UVOT uvw1 band flux density 88- 91 F4.2 mJy e_Fuvw1 [0.2/1]? Uncertainty in Fuvw1 93- 97 F5.2 mag uvm2mag [11.3/13]? De-reddened Swift/UVOT uvm2 band magnitude 99-102 F4.2 mag e_uvm2mag [0.03/0.06]? Uncertainty in uvm2mag 104-108 F5.2 mJy Fuvm2 [4.8/22.1]? De-reddened Swift/UVOT uvm2 band flux density 110-113 F4.2 mJy e_Fuvm2 [0.1/0.6]? Uncertainty in Fuvm2 115-119 F5.2 mag uvw2mag [11.2/12.7]? De-reddened Swift/UVOT uvw2 band magnitude 121-124 F4.2 mag e_uvw2mag [0.03/0.04]? Uncertainty in uvw2mag 126-130 F5.2 mJy Fuvw2 [6.6/23.1]? De-reddened Swift/UVOT uvw2 band flux density 132-135 F4.2 mJy e_Fuvw2 [0.1/0.7]? Uncertainty in Fuvw2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table2.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2- 10 I9 --- obsID Observation identifier 12- 19 A8 --- Orbit Orbit number 21- 35 A15 --- Part Part number and seconds [#s] of the orbit used in the fit 37- 40 F4.2 --- a [1.6/2.7] Model parameter, photon index at the energy E1 42- 45 F4.2 --- e_a [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in a 47- 51 F5.3 --- b [0.07/0.5] Model parameter, curvature parameter 53- 56 F4.2 --- e_b [0.02/0.2] Uncertainty in b 58- 62 F5.2 keV Ep [0.02/22.4] Model parameter, position of the SED peak 64- 68 F5.3 keV e_Ep [0.01/2.1] Uncertainty in Ep 70- 75 F6.2 --- K [0.8/9.3] Model parameter, normalization factor 77- 81 F5.3 --- e_K [0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in K 83- 87 F5.3 --- chi2 [0.4/1.2] Reduced {chi}^2^ parameter 89- 91 I3 --- DOF [54/337] Fit degrees of freedom 93- 98 F6.3 [mW/m2] logFS [-9.6/-8] Log unabsorbed 0.3-2keV Flux 100-104 F5.2 [mW/m2] e_logFS [0.01/0.02] Uncertainty in logFS 106-111 F6.2 [mW/m2] logFH [-10.2/-8.5] Log unabsorbed 2-10keV Flux 113-116 F4.2 [mW/m2] e_logFH [0.01/0.04] Uncertainty in logFH 118-122 F5.2 [mW/m2] logFT [-9.5/-8.2] Log unabsorbed 0.3-10keV Flux 124-127 F4.2 [mW/m2] e_logFT [0.01/0.02] Uncertainty in logFH 129-132 F4.2 --- HR [0.2/1.4] Hardness ratio (G1) 134-137 F4.2 --- e_HR [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in HR -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table5.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 9 I9 --- obsID Observation identifier 11- 18 A8 --- Orbit Orbit number 20- 34 A15 --- Part Part number and seconds [#s] of the orbit used in the fit 36- 39 F4.2 --- Gamma [1.6/2.8] Photon index in PL model 41- 44 F4.2 --- e_Gamma [0.01/0.05] Uncertainty in Gamma 46- 50 F5.2 --- K [0.3/8.8] Normalization 52- 55 F4.2 --- e_K [0.01/0.1] Uncertainty in K 57- 60 F4.2 --- chi2 [0.8/1.2] Reduced {chi}^2^ parameter 62- 65 I4 --- DOF [58/3226] Fit degrees of freedom 67- 72 F6.3 [mW/m2] logFS [-9.9/-8.6] Log unabsorbed 0.3-2keV Flux 74- 77 F4.2 [mW/m2] e_logFS [0.01] Uncertainty in logFS 79- 85 F7.3 [mW/m2] logFH [-10.5/-8.5] Log unabsorbed 2-10keV Flux 87- 91 F5.3 [mW/m2] e_logFH [0.01/0.03] Uncertainty in logFH 93- 97 F5.2 [mW/m2] logFT [-9.8/-8.2] Log unabsorbed 0.3-10keV Flux 99-102 F4.2 [mW/m2] e_logFT [0.01] Uncertainty in logFH 104-107 F4.2 --- HR [0.2/1.5] Hardness ratio (G1) 109-112 F4.2 --- e_HR [0.01/0.04] Uncertainty in HR -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Byte-by-byte Description of file: table7.dat -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bytes Format Units Label Explanations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1- 18 A18 --- obsID Observation identifier (1) 20- 29 A10 "Y/M/D" Date UTC start date of observation (2) 31- 32 I2 d DayEnd ? End UTC Day of observation range (2) 34- 38 F5.2 h Exp [0.07/24]? Total length of the particular observation (2) 40- 46 F7.3 --- chi2 [2.4/382] Reduced {chi}^2 parameter 48- 50 I3 --- DOF [3/166] Fit degrees of freedom 52- 55 A4 --- Bin Bin of Orbit segment (2) 57- 60 F4.1 % Fvar [1.3/32.2] Fractional variability amplitude 62- 65 F4.1 % e_Fvar [0.1/3] Uncertainty in Fvar 67- 70 F4.2 --- Param1-Min [1.6/2.6]? LP/PL model param1 minimum (3) 72- 75 F4.2 --- e_Param1-Min [0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in e_Param1-Min (3) 77- 80 F4.2 --- Param1-Max [1.7/2.7]? LP/PL model param1 maximum (3) 82- 85 F4.2 --- e_Param1-Max [0.01/0.1]? Uncertainty in e_Param1-Max (3) 87- 88 A2 --- Param1 Param1 designation (3) 90- 93 F4.2 --- Param2-Min [1.6/2.6]? LP/PL model param2 minimum (3) 95- 98 F4.2 --- e_Param2-Min [0.01/0.04]? Uncertainty in e_Param2-Min (3) 100-103 F4.2 --- Param2-Max [1.8/2.6]? LP/PL model param2 maximum (3) 105-108 F4.2 --- e_Param2-Max [0.01/0.02]? Uncertainty in e_Param2-Max (3) 110-111 A2 --- Param2 Param2 Range maximum (3) 113-116 F4.2 --- b-min [0.07/0.4]? Min curvature parameter in LP model 118-121 F4.2 --- e_b-min [0.02/0.1]? Uncertainty in b-min 123-126 F4.2 --- b-max [0.1/0.5]? Max curvature parameter in LP model 128-131 F4.2 --- e_b-max [0.03/0.1]? Uncertainty in b-max 133-136 F4.2 keV Ep-min [0.02/7.5]? Min position of the SED peak in LP model 138-142 F5.3 keV e_Ep-min [0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty in Ep-min 144-149 F6.2 keV Ep-max [0.03/23]? Max position of the SED peak in LP model 151-157 F7.3 keV e_Ep-max [0.01/18]? Uncertainty in Ep-max 159-162 F4.2 --- HR-min [0.2/1.4]? Minimum hardness ratio 164-168 F5.3 --- e_HR-min [0/0.04]? Uncertainty in HR-min 170-174 F5.2 --- HR-max [0.2/1.7]? Maximum hardness ratio 176-180 F5.3 --- e_HR-max [0.01/0.04]? Uncertainty in HR-max -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note (1): This column includes the "orbit" (Or #) subset(s). Note (2): The total exposure used for IDV calculations can segment a single obsID or span multiple obsIDs. The columns that define the exposure for calculating IDVs are: obsID = includes the orbit subsets for an obsID used in IDV; Date/DayEnd = Range of observation UT date from start date to end date; Exp = Total exposure length in hours, including intervals between obsIDs; Bin = That segment, in seconds, of Orbit. Note (3): The contents of the columns Param1/Param2 designate which parameter is given in the Param1-Min, Param2-Max, etc columns. If Param1="LP" then the Param1- values are the log-parabolic parameter "a". If Param1="PL" then the Param1- values are the power-law parameter Gamma. When only one spectrum is available for the particular observation, only a single value is provided for each spectral parameters instead of a range. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Global notes: Note (G1): Hardness ratio is calculated as a ratio of unabsorbed 2-10keV to 0.3-2keV fluxes. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- History: From electronic version of the journal References: Kapanadze et al. Paper I. 2018ApJ...854...66K This catalog Kapanadze et al. Paper II. 2018ApJ...858...68K Cat. J/ApJ/858/68 Kapanadze et al. Paper III. 2020ApJS..247...27K Cat. J/ApJS/247/27 ================================================================================ (End) Prepared by [AAS], Emmanuelle Perret [CDS] 07-Nov-2018