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  1. OA@INAF
  2. PRODOTTI RICERCA INAF
  3. 1 CONTRIBUTI IN RIVISTE (Journal articles)
  4. 1.01 Articoli in rivista
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/29341
Title: First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
Authors: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
Akiyama, Kazunori
Alberdi, Antxon
Alef, Walter
Asada, Keiichi
Azulay, Rebecca
Baczko, Anne-Kathrin
Ball, David
Baloković, Mislav
Barrett, John
Bintley, Dan
Blackburn, Lindy
Boland, Wilfred
Bouman, Katherine L.
Bower, Geoffrey C.
Bremer, Michael
Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
Brissenden, Roger
Britzen, Silke
Broderick, Avery E.
Broguiere, Dominique
Bronzwaer, Thomas
Byun, Do-Young
Carlstrom, John E.
Chael, Andrew
Chan, Chi-kwan
Chatterjee, Shami
Chatterjee, Koushik
Chen, Ming-Tang
Chen, Yongjun
Cho, Ilje
Christian, Pierre
Conway, John E.
Cordes, James M.
Crew, Geoffrey B.
Cui, Yuzhu
Davelaar, Jordy
De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
Deane, Roger
Dempsey, Jessica
Desvignes, Gregory
Dexter, Jason
Doeleman, Sheperd S.
Eatough, Ralph P.
Falcke, Heino
Fish, Vincent L.
Fomalont, Ed
Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
Friberg, Per
Fromm, Christian M.
Gómez, José L.
Galison, Peter
Gammie, Charles F.
García, Roberto
Gentaz, Olivier
Georgiev, Boris
GODDI, CIRIACO
Gold, Roman
Gu, Minfeng
Gurwell, Mark
Hada, Kazuhiro
Hecht, Michael H.
Hesper, Ronald
Ho, Luis C.
Ho, Paul
Honma, Mareki
Huang, Chih-Wei L.
Huang, Lei
Hughes, David H.
Ikeda, Shiro
Inoue, Makoto
Issaoun, Sara
James, David J.
Jannuzi, Buell T.
Janssen, Michael
Jeter, Britton
Jiang, Wu
Johnson, Michael D.
Jorstad, Svetlana
Jung, Taehyun
Karami, Mansour
Karuppusamy, Ramesh
Kawashima, Tomohisa
Keating, Garrett K.
Kettenis, Mark
Kim, Jae-Young
Kim, Junhan
Kim, Jongsoo
Kino, Motoki
Koay, Jun Yi
Koch, Patrick M.
Koyama, Shoko
Kramer, Michael
Kramer, Carsten
Krichbaum, Thomas P.
Kuo, Cheng-Yu
Lauer, Tod R.
Lee, Sang-Sung
Li, Yan-Rong
Li, Zhiyuan
Lindqvist, Michael
Liu, Kuo
LIUZZO, Elisabetta Teodorina 
Lo, Wen-Ping
Lobanov, Andrei P.
Loinard, Laurent
Lonsdale, Colin
Lu, Ru-Sen
MacDonald, Nicholas R.
Mao, Jirong
Markoff, Sera
Marrone, Daniel P.
Marscher, Alan P.
Martí-Vidal, Iván
Matsushita, Satoki
Matthews, Lynn D.
Medeiros, Lia
Menten, Karl M.
Mizuno, Yosuke
Mizuno, Izumi
Moran, James M.
Moriyama, Kotaro
Moscibrodzka, Monika
Müller, Cornelia
Nagai, Hiroshi
Nagar, Neil M.
Nakamura, Masanori
Narayan, Ramesh
Narayanan, Gopal
Natarajan, Iniyan
Neri, Roberto
Ni, Chunchong
Noutsos, Aristeidis
Okino, Hiroki
Olivares, Héctor
Ortiz-León, Gisela N.
Oyama, Tomoaki
Özel, Feryal
Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
Patel, Nimesh
Pen, Ue-Li
Pesce, Dominic W.
Piétu, Vincent
Plambeck, Richard
PopStefanija, Aleksandar
Porth, Oliver
Prather, Ben
Preciado-López, Jorge A.
Psaltis, Dimitrios
Pu, Hung-Yi
Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh
Rao, Ramprasad
Rawlings, Mark G.
Raymond, Alexander W.
Rezzolla, Luciano
Ripperda, Bart
Roelofs, Freek
Rogers, Alan
Ros, Eduardo
Rose, Mel
Roshanineshat, Arash
Rottmann, Helge
Roy, Alan L.
Ruszczyk, Chet
Ryan, Benjamin R.
RYGL, Kazi Lucie Jessica 
Sánchez, Salvador
Sánchez-Arguelles, David
Sasada, Mahito
Savolainen, Tuomas
Schloerb, F. Peter
Schuster, Karl-Friedrich
Shao, Lijing
Shen, Zhiqiang
Small, Des
Sohn, Bong Won
SooHoo, Jason
Tazaki, Fumie
Tiede, Paul
Tilanus, Remo P. J.
Titus, Michael
Toma, Kenji
Torne, Pablo
Trent, Tyler
Trippe, Sascha
Tsuda, Shuichiro
van Bemmel, Ilse
van Langevelde, Huib Jan
van Rossum, Daniel R.
Wagner, Jan
Wardle, John
Weintroub, Jonathan
Wex, Norbert
Wharton, Robert
Wielgus, Maciek
Wong, George N.
Wu, Qingwen
Young, André
Young, Ken
Younsi, Ziri
Yuan, Feng
Yuan, Ye-Fei
Zensus, J. Anton
Zhao, Guangyao
Zhao, Shan-Shan
Zhu, Ziyan
Algaba, Juan-Carlos
Allardi, Alexander
Amestica, Rodrigo
Bach, Uwe
Beaudoin, Christopher
Benson, Bradford A.
Berthold, Ryan
Blanchard, Jay M.
Blundell, Ray
Bustamente, Sandra
Cappallo, Roger
Castillo-Domínguez, Edgar
Chang, Chih-Cheng
Chang, Shu-Hao
Chang, Song-Chu
Chen, Chung-Chen
Chilson, Ryan
Chuter, Tim C.
Córdova Rosado, Rodrigo
Coulson, Iain M.
Crawford, Thomas M.
Crowley, Joseph
David, John
Derome, Mark
Dexter, Matthew
Dornbusch, Sven
Dudevoir, Kevin A.
Dzib, Sergio A.
Eckert, Chris
Erickson, Neal R.
Everett, Wendeline B.
Faber, Aaron
Farah, Joseph R.
Fath, Vernon
Folkers, Thomas W.
Forbes, David C.
Freund, Robert
Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.
Gale, David M.
Gao, Feng
Geertsema, Gertie
Graham, David A.
Greer, Christopher H.
Grosslein, Ronald
Gueth, Frédéric
Halverson, Nils W.
Han, Chih-Chiang
Han, Kuo-Chang
Hao, Jinchi
Hasegawa, Yutaka
Henning, Jason W.
Hernández-Gómez, Antonio
Herrero-Illana, Rubén
Heyminck, Stefan
Hirota, Akihiko
Hoge, James
Huang, Yau-De
Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette
Jiang, Homin
Kamble, Atish
Keisler, Ryan
Kimura, Kimihiro
Kono, Yusuke
Kubo, Derek
Kuroda, John
Lacasse, Richard
Laing, Robert A.
Leitch, Erik M.
Li, Chao-Te
Lin, Lupin C. -C.
Liu, Ching-Tang
Liu, Kuan-Yu
Lu, Li-Ming
Marson, Ralph G.
Martin-Cocher, Pierre L.
Massingill, Kyle D.
Matulonis, Callie
McColl, Martin P.
McWhirter, Stephen R.
Messias, Hugo
Meyer-Zhao, Zheng
Michalik, Daniel
Montaña, Alfredo
Montgomerie, William
Mora-Klein, Matias
Muders, Dirk
Nadolski, Andrew
Navarro, Santiago
Nguyen, Chi H.
Nishioka, Hiroaki
Norton, Timothy
Nystrom, George
Ogawa, Hideo
Oshiro, Peter
Padin, Stephen
Parsons, Harriet
Paine, Scott N.
Peñalver, Juan
Phillips, Neil M.
Poirier, Michael
Pradel, Nicolas
Primiani, Rurik A.
Raffin, Philippe A.
Rahlin, Alexandra S.
Reiland, George
Risacher, Christopher
Ruiz, Ignacio
Sáez-Madaín, Alejandro F.
Sassella, Remi
Schellart, Pim
Shaw, Paul
Silva, Kevin M.
Shiokawa, Hotaka
Smith, David R.
Snow, William
Souccar, Kamal
Sousa, Don
Sridharan, T. K.
Srinivasan, Ranjani
Stahm, William
Stark, Antony A.
Story, Kyle
Timmer, Sjoerd T.
Vertatschitsch, Laura
Walther, Craig
Wei, Ta-Shun
Whitehorn, Nathan
Whitney, Alan R.
Woody, David P.
Wouterloot, Jan G. A.
Wright, Melvin
Yamaguchi, Paul
Yu, Chen-Yu
Zeballos, Milagros
Ziurys, Lucy
Issue Date: 2019
Journal: THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS 
Number: 875
Issue: 1
First Page: L2
Abstract: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that comprises millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength telescopes separated by distances comparable to the diameter of the Earth. At a nominal operating wavelength of ∼1.3 mm, EHT angular resolution (λ/D) is ∼25 μas, which is sufficient to resolve nearby supermassive black hole candidates on spatial and temporal scales that correspond to their event horizons. With this capability, the EHT scientific goals are to probe general relativistic effects in the strong-field regime and to study accretion and relativistic jet formation near the black hole boundary. In this Letter we describe the system design of the EHT, detail the technology and instrumentation that enable observations, and provide measures of its performance. Meeting the EHT science objectives has required several key developments that have facilitated the robust extension of the VLBI technique to EHT observing wavelengths and the production of instrumentation that can be deployed on a heterogeneous array of existing telescopes and facilities. To meet sensitivity requirements, high-bandwidth digital systems were developed that process data at rates of 64 gigabit s<SUP>-1</SUP>, exceeding those of currently operating cm-wavelength VLBI arrays by more than an order of magnitude. Associated improvements include the development of phasing systems at array facilities, new receiver installation at several sites, and the deployment of hydrogen maser frequency standards to ensure coherent data capture across the array. These efforts led to the coordination and execution of the first Global EHT observations in 2017 April, and to event-horizon-scale imaging of the supermassive black hole candidate in M87.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/29341
URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c96
ISSN: 2041-8205
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0c96
Bibcode ADS: 2019ApJ...875L...2E
Fulltext: open
Appears in Collections:1.01 Articoli in rivista

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