Title: | Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009-2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope |
Authors: | Wielgus, Maciek Akiyama, Kazunori Blackburn, Lindy Chan, Chi-kwan Dexter, Jason Doeleman, Sheperd S. Fish, Vincent L. Issaoun, Sara Johnson, Michael D. Krichbaum, Thomas P. Lu, Ru-Sen Pesce, Dominic W. Wong, George N. Bower, Geoffrey C. Broderick, Avery E. Chael, Andrew Chatterjee, Koushik Gammie, Charles F. Georgiev, Boris Hada, Kazuhiro Loinard, Laurent Markoff, Sera Marrone, Daniel P. Plambeck, Richard Weintroub, Jonathan Dexter, Matthew MacMahon, David H. E. Wright, Melvyn Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Ball, David Baloković, Mislav Barausse, Enrico Barrett, John Bintley, Dan Boland, Wilfred Bouman, Katherine L. Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Bronzwaer, Thomas Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu Davelaar, Jordy Laurentis, Mariafelicia De Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Dzib, Sergio A. Eatough, Ralph P. Falcke, Heino Fomalont, Ed Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Friberg, Per Fromm, Christian M. Galison, Peter García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier GODDI, CIRIACO Gold, Roman Gómez, José L. Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Inoue, Makoto James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra Jorstad, Svetlana Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Kawashima, Tomohisa Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Junhan Kim, Jongsoo Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Michael Kramer, Carsten Kuo, Cheng-Yu Lauer, Tod R. Lee, Sang-Sung Li, Yan-Rong Li, Zhiyuan Lindqvist, Michael LICO, Rocco Liu, Kuo LIUZZO, Elisabetta Teodorina Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Lonsdale, Colin MacDonald, Nicholas R. Mao, Jirong MARCHILI, Nicola Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, Izumi Moran, James M. Moriyama, Kotaro Moscibrodzka, Monika Müller, Cornelia Musoke, Gibwa Nagai, Hiroshi Nagar, Neil M. Nakamura, Masanori Narayan, Ramesh Narayanan, Gopal Natarajan, Iniyan Nathanail, Antonios Neri, Roberto Ni, Chunchong Noutsos, Aristeidis Okino, Hiroki Olivares, Héctor Ortiz-León, Gisela N. Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Park, Jongho Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Prather, Ben Preciado-López, Jorge A. Psaltis, Dimitrios Pu, Hung-Yi Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Raymond, Alexander W. Rezzolla, Luciano Ripperda, Bart Roelofs, Freek Rogers, Alan Ros, Eduardo Rose, Mel Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruszczyk, Chet Ryan, Benjamin R. RYGL, Kazi Lucie Jessica Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Arguelles, David Sasada, Mahito Savolainen, Tuomas Schloerb, F. Peter Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Tazaki, Fumie Tiede, Paul Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Trent, Tyler Traianou, Efthalia Trippe, Sascha Tsuda, Shuichiro Bemmel, Ilse van van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Rossum, Daniel R. Wagner, Jan Wardle, John Ward-Thompson, Derek Wex, Norbert Wharton, Robert Wu, Qingwen Yoon, Doosoo Young, André Young, Ken Younsi, Ziri Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Zensus, J. Anton Zhao, Guangyao Zhao, Shan-Shan Zhu, Ziyan |
Issue Date: | 2020 |
Journal: | THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL |
Number: | 901 |
Issue: | 1 |
First Page: | 67 |
Abstract: | The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently delivered the first resolved images of M87*, the supermassive black hole in the center of the M87 galaxy. These images were produced using 230 GHz observations performed in 2017 April. Additional observations are required to investigate the persistence of the primary image feature—a ring with azimuthal brightness asymmetry—and to quantify the image variability on event horizon scales. To address this need, we analyze M87* data collected with prototype EHT arrays in 2009, 2011, 2012, and 2013. While these observations do not contain enough information to produce images, they are sufficient to constrain simple geometric models. We develop a modeling approach based on the framework utilized for the 2017 EHT data analysis and validate our procedures using synthetic data. Applying the same approach to the observational data sets, we find the M87* morphology in 2009-2017 to be consistent with a persistent asymmetric ring of ˜40 μas diameter. The position angle of the peak intensity varies in time. In particular, we find a significant difference between the position angle measured in 2013 and 2017. These variations are in broad agreement with predictions of a subset of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We show that quantifying the variability across multiple observational epochs has the potential to constrain the physical properties of the source, such as the accretion state or the black hole spin. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/31440 |
URL: | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abac0d |
ISSN: | 0004-637X |
DOI: | 10.3847/1538-4357/abac0d |
Bibcode ADS: | 2020ApJ...901...67W |
Fulltext: | open |
Appears in Collections: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista
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