Title: | Verification of Radiative Transfer Schemes for the EHT |
Authors: | Gold, Roman Broderick, Avery E. Younsi, Ziri Fromm, Christian M. Gammie, Charles F. Mościbrodzka, Monika Pu, Hung-Yi Bronzwaer, Thomas Davelaar, Jordy Dexter, Jason Ball, David Chan, Chi-kwan Kawashima, Tomohisa Mizuno, Yosuke Ripperda, Bart Akiyama, Kazunori Alberdi, Antxon Alef, Walter Asada, Keiichi Azulay, Rebecca Baczko, Anne-Kathrin Baloković, Mislav Barrett, John Bintley, Dan Blackburn, Lindy Boland, Wilfred Bouman, Katherine L. Bower, Geoffrey C. Bremer, Michael Brinkerink, Christiaan D. Brissenden, Roger Britzen, Silke Broguiere, Dominique Byun, Do-Young Carlstrom, John E. Chael, Andrew Chatterjee, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chen, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun Cho, Ilje Christian, Pierre Conway, John E. Cordes, James M. Crew, Geoffrey B. Cui, Yuzhu De Laurentis, Mariafelicia Deane, Roger Dempsey, Jessica Desvignes, Gregory Doeleman, Sheperd S. Eatough, Ralph P. Falcke, Heino Fish, Vincent L. Fomalont, Ed Fraga-Encinas, Raquel Freeman, Bill Friberg, Per Gómez, José L. Galison, Peter García, Roberto Gentaz, Olivier Georgiev, Boris GODDI, CIRIACO Gu, Minfeng Gurwell, Mark Hada, Kazuhiro Hecht, Michael H. Hesper, Ronald Ho, Luis C. Ho, Paul Honma, Mareki Huang, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei Hughes, David H. Inoue, Makoto Issaoun, Sara James, David J. Jannuzi, Buell T. Janssen, Michael Jeter, Britton Jiang, Wu Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra Johnson, Michael D. Jorstad, Svetlana Jung, Taehyun Karami, Mansour Karuppusamy, Ramesh Keating, Garrett K. Kettenis, Mark Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Junhan Kim, Jongsoo Kino, Motoki Koay, Jun Yi Koch, Patrick M. Koyama, Shoko Kramer, Michael Kramer, Carsten Krichbaum, Thomas P. Kuo, Cheng-Yu Lauer, Tod R. Lee, Sang-Sung Li, Yan-Rong Li, Zhiyuan LICO, Rocco Liu, Kuo LIUZZO, Elisabetta Teodorina Lo, Wen-Ping Lobanov, Andrei P. Loinard, Laurent Lonsdale, Colin Lu, Ru-Sen MacDonald, Nicholas R. Markoff, Sera Mao, Jirong Marrone, Daniel P. Marscher, Alan P. Martí-Vidal, Iván Matsushita, Satoki Matthews, Lynn D. Medeiros, Lia Menten, Karl M. Mizuno, Izumi Moran, James M. Moriyama, Kotaro Müller, Cornelia Nagai, Hiroshi Nakamura, Masanori Nagar, Neil M. Narayan, Ramesh Narayanan, Gopal Natarajan, Iniyan Neri, Roberto Ni, Chunchong Noutsos, Aristeidis Okino, Hiroki Ortiz-León, Gisela N. Oyama, Tomoaki Özel, Feryal Palumbo, Daniel C. M. Park, Jongho Patel, Nimesh Pen, Ue-Li Pesce, Dominic W. Plambeck, Richard Piétu, Vincent PopStefanija, Aleksandar Porth, Oliver Preciado-López, Jorge A. Psaltis, Dimitrios Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh Rao, Ramprasad Rawlings, Mark G. Raymond, Alexander W. Rezzolla, Luciano Roelofs, Freek Rogers, Alan Ros, Eduardo Rose, Mel Roshanineshat, Arash Rottmann, Helge Roy, Alan L. Ruszczyk, Chet RYGL, Kazi Lucie Jessica Sánchez, Salvador Sánchez-Arguelles, David Sasada, Mahito Savolainen, Tuomas Schuster, Karl-Friedrich Schloerb, F. Peter Shao, Lijing Shen, Zhiqiang Small, Des Sohn, Bong Won SooHoo, Jason Tiede, Paul Tazaki, Fumie Tilanus, Remo P. J. Titus, Michael Toma, Kenji Torne, Pablo Trent, Tyler Traianou, Thalia Trippe, Sascha Tsuda, Shuichiro van Langevelde, Huib Jan van Bemmel, Ilse van Rossum, Daniel R. Wagner, Jan Wardle, John Wex, Norbert Weintroub, Jonathan Wharton, Robert Wielgus, Maciek Wong, George N. Wu, Qingwen Yoon, Doosoo Young, Ken Young, André Yuan, Feng Yuan, Ye-Fei Zensus, J. Anton Zhao, Guangyao Zhao, Shan-Shan Zhu, Ziyan Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration |
Issue Date: | 2020 |
Journal: | THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL |
Number: | 897 |
Issue: | 2 |
First Page: | 148 |
Abstract: | The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration has recently produced the first resolved images of the central supermassive black hole in the giant elliptical galaxy M87. Here we report on tests of the consistency and accuracy of the general relativistic radiative transfer codes used within the collaboration to model M87* and Sgr A*. We compare and evaluate (1) deflection angles for equatorial null geodesics in a Kerr spacetime; (2) images calculated from a series of simple, parameterized matter distributions in the Kerr metric using simplified emissivities and absorptivities; (3) for a subset of codes, images calculated from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations using different realistic synchrotron emissivities and absorptivities; (4) observables for the 2017 configuration of EHT, including visibility amplitudes and closure phases. The error in total flux is of order 1% when the codes are run with production numerical parameters. The dominant source of discrepancies for small camera distances is the location and detailed setup of the software "camera" that each code uses to produce synthetic images. We find that when numerical parameters are suitably chosen and the camera is sufficiently far away the images converge and that for given transfer coefficients, numerical uncertainties are unlikely to limit parameter estimation for the current generation of EHT observations. The purpose of this paper is to describe a verification and comparison of EHT radiative transfer codes. It is not to verify EHT models more generally. |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/31441 |
URL: | https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab96c6 |
ISSN: | 0004-637X |
DOI: | 10.3847/1538-4357/ab96c6 |
Bibcode ADS: | 2020ApJ...897..148G |
Fulltext: | reserved |
Appears in Collections: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista
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