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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/31626
Titolo: | High-resolution detection of neutral oxygen and non-LTE effects in the atmosphere of KELT-9b | Autori: | BORSA, Francesco Luca Fossati Tommi Koskinen Mitchell E. Young Denis Shulyak |
Data pubblicazione: | 2022 | Rivista: | NATURE ASTRONOMY | Numero: | 6 | Fascicolo: | 2 | Da pagina:: | 226--231 | Abstract: | Oxygen is a constituent of many of the most abundant molecules detected in exoplanetary atmospheres and a key ingredient for tracking how and where a planet formed1. In particular, the O i 777.4 nm triplet is used to probe airglow and aurora on the Earth2 and the oxygen abundance in stellar atmospheres3–6, but has not been detected in an exoplanet atmosphere before. We present a definite ground-based detection of the neutral oxygen 777.4 nm triplet lines in the transmission spectrum of the ultrahot Jupiter KELT-9b7, the hottest known giant planet. The synthetic spectrum computed employing novel non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations8 matches the data significantly better than that computed assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. These non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer calculations imply a mass-loss rate of 108–109 kg s−1, which exceeds the lower limit of 107–108 kg s−1 required to facilitate the escape of oxygen and iron from the atmosphere. Assuming a solar oxygen abundance, the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model points towards the need for microturbulence and macroturbulence broadening of 3.0 ± 0.7 km s−1 and 13 ± 5 km s−1, respectively, indicative of the presence of fast winds in the middle and upper atmosphere. Present and upcoming high-resolution spectrographs will allow the detection in other exoplanets of the 777.4 nm O i triplet, which is a powerful tool to constrain the key characteristics of exoplanetary atmospheres when coupled with forward modelling accounting for non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effects. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/31626 | URL: | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-021-01544-4 | ISSN: | 2397-3366 | DOI: | 10.1038/s41550-021-01544-4 | Fulltext: | open |
È visualizzato nelle collezioni: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista |
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s41550-021-01544-4.pdf | [Administrators only] | 1.72 MB | Adobe PDF |
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