Dainotti, M. G.M. G.DainottiAMATI, LORENZOLORENZOAMATI2021-02-262021-02-2620180004-6280http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/30659M.G.D. acknowledges the Marie Curie Program, because theresearch leading to these results has received funding from theEuropean Union Seventh Framework Program(FP7-2007/2013)under grant agreement No. 626267.The prompt emission mechanism of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) even after several decades remains a mystery. However, it is believed that correlations between observable GRB properties, given their huge luminosity/radiated energy and redshift distribution extending up to at least z ≈ 9, are promising possible cosmological tools. They also may help to discriminate among the most plausible theoretical models. Nowadays, the objective is to make GRBs standard candles, similar to supernovae (SNe) Ia, through well-established and robust correlations. However, differently from SNe Ia, GRBs span over several order of magnitude in their energetics, hence they cannot yet be considered standard candles. Additionally, being observed at very large distances, their physical properties are affected by selection biases, the so-called Malmquist bias or Eddington effect. We describe the state of the art on how GRB prompt correlations are corrected for these selection biases to employ them as redshift estimators and cosmological tools. We stress that only after an appropriate evaluation and correction for these effects, GRB correlations can be used to discriminate among the theoretical models of prompt emission, to estimate the cosmological parameters and to serve as distance indicators via redshift estimation.STAMPAenArticle10.1088/1538-3873/aaa8d72-s2.0-85045154194000429339800001https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/aaa8d72018PASP..130e1001DFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAERC sectors::Physical Sciences and Engineering::PE9 Universe sciences: astro-physics/chemistry/biology; solar systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, planetary systems, cosmology, space science, instrumentation