Ahumada, RominaRominaAhumadaPrieto, Carlos AllendeCarlos AllendePrietoAlmeida, AndrésAndrésAlmeidaAnders, FriedrichFriedrichAndersAnderson, Scott F.Scott F.AndersonAndrews, Brett H.Brett H.AndrewsAnguiano, BorjaBorjaAnguianoArcodia, RiccardoRiccardoArcodiaArmengaud, EricEricArmengaudAubert, MarieMarieAubertAvila, SantiagoSantiagoAvilaAvila-Reese, VladimirVladimirAvila-ReeseBadenes, CarlesCarlesBadenesBalland, ChristopheChristopheBallandBarger, KatKatBargerBarrera-Ballesteros, Jorge K.Jorge K.Barrera-BallesterosBasu, SarbaniSarbaniBasuBautista, JulianJulianBautistaBeaton, Rachael L.Rachael L.BeatonBeers, Timothy C.Timothy C.BeersBenavides, B. Izamar T.B. Izamar T.BenavidesBender, Chad F.Chad F.BenderBernardi, MariangelaMariangelaBernardiBershady, MatthewMatthewBershadyBeutler, FlorianFlorianBeutlerBidin, Christian MoniChristian MoniBidinBird, JonathanJonathanBirdBizyaev, DmitryDmitryBizyaevBlanc, Guillermo A.Guillermo A.BlancBlanton, Michael R.Michael R.BlantonBoquien, MédéricMédéricBoquienBorissova, JuraJuraBorissovaBovy, JoJoBovyBrandt, W. N.W. N.BrandtBrinkmann, JonathanJonathanBrinkmannBrownstein, Joel R.Joel R.BrownsteinBundy, KevinKevinBundyBureau, MartinMartinBureauBurgasser, AdamAdamBurgasserBurtin, EtienneEtienneBurtinCano-Díaz, MarianaMarianaCano-DíazCAPASSO, RAFFAELLARAFFAELLACAPASSOCappellari, MicheleMicheleCappellariCARRERA, JIMENEZ RICARDO JESUSJIMENEZ RICARDO JESUSCARRERAChabanier, SolèneSolèneChabanierChaplin, WilliamWilliamChaplinChapman, MichaelMichaelChapmanCherinka, BrianBrianCherinkaChiappini, CristinaCristinaChiappiniDoohyun Choi, PeterPeterDoohyun ChoiChojnowski, S. DrewS. DrewChojnowskiChung, HaeunHaeunChungClerc, NicolasNicolasClercCoffey, DamienDamienCoffeyComerford, Julia M.Julia M.ComerfordComparat, JohanJohanComparatda Costa, LuizLuizda CostaCousinou, Marie-ClaudeMarie-ClaudeCousinouCovey, KevinKevinCoveyCrane, Jeffrey D.Jeffrey D.CraneCunha, KatiaKatiaCunhaIlha, Gabriele da SilvaGabriele da SilvaIlhaDai, Yu SophiaYu SophiaDaiDamsted, Sanna B.Sanna B.DamstedDarling, JeremyJeremyDarlingDavidson, James W., Jr.James W., Jr.DavidsonDavies, RogerRogerDaviesDawson, KyleKyleDawsonDe, NikhilNikhilDede la Macorra, AxelAxelde la MacorraDe Lee, NathanNathanDe LeeQueiroz, Anna Bárbara de AndradeAnna Bárbara de AndradeQueirozDeconto Machado, AliceAliceDeconto Machadode la Torre, SylvainSylvainde la TorreDELL'AGLI, FlaviaFlaviaDELL'AGLIdu Mas des Bourboux, HélionHéliondu Mas des BourbouxDiamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M.Aleksandar M.Diamond-StanicDillon, SeanSeanDillonDonor, JohnJohnDonorDrory, NivNivDroryDuckworth, ChrisChrisDuckworthDwelly, TomTomDwellyEbelke, GarrettGarrettEbelkeEftekharzadeh, SarahSarahEftekharzadehDavis Eigenbrot, ArthurArthurDavis EigenbrotElsworth, Yvonne P.Yvonne P.ElsworthEracleous, MikeMikeEracleousErfanianfar, GhazalehGhazalehErfanianfarEscoffier, StephanieStephanieEscoffierFan, XiaohuiXiaohuiFanFarr, EmilyEmilyFarrFernández-Trincado, José G.José G.Fernández-TrincadoFeuillet, DianeDianeFeuilletFinoguenov, AlexisAlexisFinoguenovFofie, PatriciaPatriciaFofieFraser-McKelvie, AmeliaAmeliaFraser-McKelvieFrinchaboy, Peter M.Peter M.FrinchaboyFromenteau, SebastienSebastienFromenteauFu, HaiHaiFuGalbany, LluísLluísGalbanyGarcia, Rafael A.Rafael A.GarciaGarcía-Hernández, D. A.D. A.García-HernándezOehmichen, Luis Alberto GarmaLuis Alberto GarmaOehmichenGe, JunqiangJunqiangGeMaia, Marcio Antonio GeimbaMarcio Antonio GeimbaMaiaGeisler, DougDougGeislerGelfand, JosephJosephGelfandGoddy, JulianJulianGoddyGonzalez-Perez, VioletaVioletaGonzalez-PerezGrabowski, KathleenKathleenGrabowskiGreen, PaulPaulGreenGrier, Catherine J.Catherine J.GrierGuo, HongHongGuoGuy, JulienJulienGuyHarding, PaulPaulHardingHasselquist, StenStenHasselquistHawken, Adam JamesAdam JamesHawkenHayes, Christian R.Christian R.HayesHearty, FredFredHeartyHekker, S.S.HekkerHogg, David W.David W.HoggHoltzman, Jon A.Jon A.HoltzmanHorta, DannyDannyHortaHou, JiaminJiaminHouHsieh, Bau-ChingBau-ChingHsiehHuber, DanielDanielHuberHunt, Jason A. S.Jason A. S.HuntChitham, J. IderJ. IderChithamImig, JulieJulieImigJaber, MarianaMarianaJaberAngel, Camilo Eduardo JimenezCamilo Eduardo JimenezAngelJohnson, Jennifer A.Jennifer A.JohnsonJones, Amy M.Amy M.JonesJönsson, HenrikHenrikJönssonJullo, EricEricJulloKim, YerimYerimKimKinemuchi, KarenKarenKinemuchiKirkpatrick, Charles C., IVCharles C., IVKirkpatrickKite, George W.George W.KiteKlaene, MarkMarkKlaeneKneib, Jean-PaulJean-PaulKneibKollmeier, Juna A.Juna A.KollmeierKong, HuiHuiKongKounkel, MarinaMarinaKounkelKrishnarao, DhaneshDhaneshKrishnaraoLacerna, IvanIvanLacernaLan, Ting-WenTing-WenLanLane, Richard R.Richard R.LaneLaw, David R.David R.LawLe Goff, Jean-MarcJean-MarcLe GoffLeung, Henry W.Henry W.LeungLewis, HannahHannahLewisLi, ChengChengLiLian, JianhuiJianhuiLianLin, LihwaiLihwaiLinLong, DanDanLongLonga-Peña, PenélopePenélopeLonga-PeñaLundgren, BrittBrittLundgrenLyke, Brad W.Brad W.LykeTed Mackereth, J.J.Ted MackerethMacLeod, Chelsea L.Chelsea L.MacLeodMajewski, Steven R.Steven R.MajewskiManchado, ArturoArturoManchadoMaraston, ClaudiaClaudiaMarastonMartini, PaulPaulMartiniMasseron, ThomasThomasMasseronMasters, Karen L.Karen L.MastersMathur, SavitaSavitaMathurMcDermid, Richard M.Richard M.McDermidMerloni, AndreaAndreaMerloniMerrifield, MichaelMichaelMerrifieldMészáros, SzabolcsSzabolcsMészárosMIGLIO, ANDREAANDREAMIGLIOMinniti, DanteDanteMinnitiMinsley, RebeccaRebeccaMinsleyMiyaji, TakamitsuTakamitsuMiyajiMohammad, Faizan GoharFaizan GoharMohammadMosser, BenoitBenoitMosserMueller, Eva-MariaEva-MariaMuellerMuna, DemitriDemitriMunaMuñoz-Gutiérrez, AndreaAndreaMuñoz-GutiérrezMyers, Adam D.Adam D.MyersNadathur, SeshadriSeshadriNadathurNair, PreethiPreethiNairNandra, KirpalKirpalNandrado Nascimento, Janaina CorreaJanaina Correado NascimentoNevin, Rebecca JeanRebecca JeanNevinNewman, Jeffrey A.Jeffrey A.NewmanNidever, David L.David L.NideverNitschelm, ChristianChristianNitschelmNoterdaeme, PasquierPasquierNoterdaemeO'Connell, Julia E.Julia E.O'ConnellOlmstead, Matthew D.Matthew D.OlmsteadOravetz, DanielDanielOravetzOravetz, AudreyAudreyOravetzOsorio, YeissonYeissonOsorioPace, Zachary J.Zachary J.PacePadilla, NelsonNelsonPadillaPalanque-Delabrouille, NathalieNathaliePalanque-DelabrouillePalicio, Pedro A.Pedro A.PalicioPan, Hsi-AnHsi-AnPanPan, KaikeKaikePanParker, JamesJamesParkerPaviot, RomainRomainPaviotPeirani, SebastienSebastienPeiraniRamŕez, Karla PeñaKarla PeñaRamŕezPenny, SamanthaSamanthaPennyPercival, Will J.Will J.PercivalPerez-Fournon, IsmaelIsmaelPerez-FournonPérez-Ràfols, IgnasiIgnasiPérez-RàfolsPetitjean, PatrickPatrickPetitjeanPieri, Matthew M.Matthew M.PieriPinsonneault, MarcMarcPinsonneaultPoovelil, Vijith JacobVijith JacobPoovelilPovick, Joshua TylerJoshua TylerPovickPrakash, AbhishekAbhishekPrakashPrice-Whelan, Adrian M.Adrian M.Price-WhelanRaddick, M. JordanM. JordanRaddickRaichoor, AnandAnandRaichoorRay, AmyAmyRayRembold, Sandro BarbozaSandro BarbozaRemboldRezaie, MehdiMehdiRezaieRiffel, Rogemar A.Rogemar A.RiffelRiffel, RogérioRogérioRiffelRix, Hans-WalterHans-WalterRixRobin, Annie C.Annie C.RobinRoman-Lopes, A.A.Roman-LopesRomán-Zúñiga, CarlosCarlosRomán-ZúñigaRose, BenjaminBenjaminRoseRoss, Ashley J.Ashley J.RossRossi, GrazianoGrazianoRossiRowlands, KateKateRowlandsRubin, Kate H. R.Kate H. R.RubinSalvato, MaraMaraSalvatoSánchez, Ariel G.Ariel G.SánchezSánchez-Menguiano, LauraLauraSánchez-MenguianoSánchez-Gallego, José R.José R.Sánchez-GallegoSayres, ConorConorSayresSchaefer, AdamAdamSchaeferSchiavon, Ricardo P.Ricardo P.SchiavonSchimoia, Jaderson S.Jaderson S.SchimoiaSchlafly, EdwardEdwardSchlaflySchlegel, DavidDavidSchlegelSchneider, Donald P.Donald P.SchneiderSchultheis, MathiasMathiasSchultheisSchwope, AxelAxelSchwopeSeo, Hee-JongHee-JongSeoSerenelli, AldoAldoSerenelliShafieloo, ArmanArmanShafielooShamsi, Shoaib JamalShoaib JamalShamsiShao, ZhengyiZhengyiShaoShen, ShiyinShiyinShenShetrone, MatthewMatthewShetroneShirley, RaphaelRaphaelShirleyAguirre, Víctor SilvaVíctor SilvaAguirreSimon, Joshua D.Joshua D.SimonSkrutskie, M. F.M. F.SkrutskieSlosar, AnžeAnžeSlosarSmethurst, RebeccaRebeccaSmethurstSobeck, JenniferJenniferSobeckSodi, Bernardo CervantesBernardo CervantesSodiSouto, DiogoDiogoSoutoStark, David V.David V.StarkStassun, Keivan G.Keivan G.StassunSteinmetz, MatthiasMatthiasSteinmetzStello, DennisDennisStelloStermer, JuliannaJuliannaStermerStorchi-Bergmann, ThaisaThaisaStorchi-BergmannStreblyanska, AlinaAlinaStreblyanskaStringfellow, Guy S.Guy S.StringfellowStutz, AmeliaAmeliaStutzSuárez, GenaroGenaroSuárezSun, JingJingSunTaghizadeh-Popp, ManuchehrManuchehrTaghizadeh-PoppTalbot, Michael S.Michael S.TalbotTayar, JamieJamieTayarThakar, Aniruddha R.Aniruddha R.ThakarTheriault, RileyRileyTheriaultThomas, DanielDanielThomasThomas, Zak C.Zak C.ThomasTinker, JeremyJeremyTinkerTojeiro, RitaRitaTojeiroToledo, Hector HernandezHector HernandezToledoTremonti, Christy A.Christy A.TremontiTroup, Nicholas W.Nicholas W.TroupTuttle, SarahSarahTuttleUnda-Sanzana, EduardoEduardoUnda-SanzanaValentini, MaricaMaricaValentiniVargas-González, JaimeJaimeVargas-GonzálezVargas-Magaña, MarianaMarianaVargas-MagañaVázquez-Mata, Jose AntonioJose AntonioVázquez-MataVivek, M.M.VivekWake, DavidDavidWakeWang, YutingYutingWangWeaver, Benjamin AlanBenjamin AlanWeaverWeijmans, Anne-MarieAnne-MarieWeijmansWild, VivienneVivienneWildWilson, John C.John C.WilsonWilson, Robert F.Robert F.WilsonWolthuis, NathanNathanWolthuisWood-Vasey, W. M.W. M.Wood-VaseyYan, RenbinRenbinYanYang, MengMengYangYèche, ChristopheChristopheYècheZamora, OlgaOlgaZamoraZarrouk, PaulinePaulineZarroukZasowski, GailGailZasowskiZhang, KaiKaiZhangZhao, ChengChengZhaoZhao, GongboGongboZhaoZheng, ZhengZhengZhengZhu, GuangtunGuangtunZhuZou, HuHuZou2025-03-112025-03-1120200067-0049http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/36655This paper documents the 16th data release (DR16) from the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS), the fourth and penultimate from the fourth phase (SDSS-IV). This is the first release of data from the Southern Hemisphere survey of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2); new data from APOGEE-2 North are also included. DR16 is also notable as the final data release for the main cosmological program of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS), and all raw and reduced spectra from that project are released here. DR16 also includes all the data from the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey and new data from the SPectroscopic IDentification of ERosita Survey programs, both of which were co-observed on eBOSS plates. DR16 has no new data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey (or the MaNGA Stellar Library "MaStar"). We also preview future SDSS-V operations (due to start in 2020), and summarize plans for the final SDSS-IV data release (DR17).STAMPAenArticle10.3847/1538-4365/ab929ehttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ab929e2020ApJS..249....3AFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAERC sectors::Physical Sciences and Engineering