Planck intermediate results. XXXVII. Evidence of unbound gas from the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Planck CollaborationAde, P. A. R.P. A. R.AdeAghanim, N.N.AghanimArnaud, M.M.ArnaudAshdown, M.M.AshdownAubourg, E.E.AubourgAumont, J.J.AumontBaccigalupi, C.C.BaccigalupiBanday, A. J.A. J.BandayBarreiro, R. B.R. B.BarreiroBartolo, N.N.BartoloSunyaev, R.R.SunyaevSutton, D.D.SuttonSuur-Uski, A. -S.A. -S.Suur-UskiSygnet, J. -F.J. -F.SygnetTauber, J. A.J. A.TauberTERENZI, LUCALUCATERENZIToffolatti, L.L.ToffolattiTomasi, M.M.TomasiTucci, M.M.TucciYvon, D.D.YvonKunz, M.M.KunzBonavera, L.L.BonaveraVALENZIANO, LUCALUCAVALENZIANOBond, J. R.J. R.BondLilje, P. B.P. B.LiljeZACCHEI, AndreaAndreaZACCHEIZonca, A.A.ZoncaBorrill, J.J.BorrillBouchet, F. R.F. R.BouchetBURIGANA, CARLOCARLOBURIGANACalabrese, E.E.CalabreseKurki-Suonio, H.H.Kurki-SuonioCardoso, J. -F.J. -F.CardosoCatalano, A.A.CatalanoChamballu, A.A.ChamballuChiang, H. C.H. C.ChiangLinden-Vørnle, M.M.Linden-VørnleChristensen, P. R.P. R.ChristensenClements, D. L.D. L.ClementsColombo, L. P. L.L. P. L.ColomboCombet, C.C.CombetCrill, B. P.B. P.CrillLagache, G.G.LagacheCurto, A.A.CurtoCUTTAIA, FRANCESCOFRANCESCOCUTTAIADanese, L.L.DaneseDavies, R. D.R. D.DaviesDavis, R. J.R. J.DavisLópez-Caniego, M.M.López-Caniegode Bernardis, P.P.de Bernardisde Zotti, G.G.de ZottiDelabrouille, J.J.DelabrouilleDickinson, C.C.DickinsonLamarre, J. -M.J. -M.LamarreDiego, J. M.J. M.DiegoDolag, K.K.DolagDonzelli, S.S.DonzelliDoré, O.O.DoréDouspis, M.M.DouspisDucout, A.A.DucoutLubin, P. M.P. M.LubinDupac, X.X.DupacEfstathiou, G.G.EfstathiouElsner, F.F.ElsnerLasenby, A.A.LasenbyEnßlin, T. A.T. A.EnßlinEriksen, H. K.H. K.EriksenFINELLI, FABIOFABIOFINELLIForni, O.O.ForniFRAILIS, MarcoMarcoFRAILISFraisse, A. A.A. A.FraisseFRANCESCHI, ENRICOENRICOFRANCESCHIMa, Y. -Z.Y. -Z.MaFrejsel, A.A.FrejselGALEOTTA, SamueleSamueleGALEOTTALattanzi, M.M.LattanziGalli, S.S.GalliGanga, K.K.GangaGénova-Santos, R. T.R. T.Génova-SantosGiard, M.M.GiardGjerløw, E.E.GjerløwGonzález-Nuevo, J.J.González-NuevoGórski, K. M.K. M.GórskiGregorio, A.A.GregorioMacías-Pérez, J. F.J. F.Macías-PérezGRUPPUSO, ALESSANDROALESSANDROGRUPPUSOLawrence, C. R.C. R.LawrenceHansen, F. K.F. K.HansenHarrison, D. L.D. L.HarrisonHenrot-Versillé, S.S.Henrot-VersilléHernández-Monteagudo, C.C.Hernández-MonteagudoHerranz, D.D.HerranzHildebrandt, S. R.S. R.HildebrandtHivon, E.E.HivonHobson, M.M.HobsonHornstrup, A.A.HornstrupMaffei, B.B.MaffeiLeonardi, R.R.LeonardiHuffenberger, K. M.K. M.HuffenbergerHurier, G.G.HurierJaffe, A. H.A. H.JaffeJaffe, T. R.T. R.JaffeJones, W. C.W. C.JonesJuvela, M.M.JuvelaKeihänen, E.E.KeihänenKeskitalo, R.R.KeskitaloKitaura, F.F.KitauraKneissl, R.R.KneisslLeón-Tavares, J.J.León-TavaresMaino, D.D.MainoKnoche, J.J.KnocheMak, D. S. Y.D. S. Y.MakValiviita, J.J.ValiviitaLevrier, F.F.LevrierLiguori, M.M.LiguoriMandolesi, N.N.MandolesiBattaner, E.E.BattanerMangilli, A.A.MangilliMARIS, MicheleMicheleMARISMartin, P. G.P. G.MartinMartínez-González, E.E.Martínez-GonzálezMasi, S.S.MasiMatarrese, S.S.MatarreseVan Tent, B.B.Van TentMcGehee, P.P.McGeheeMelchiorri, A.A.MelchiorriMennella, A.A.MennellaMigliaccio, M.M.MigliaccioBenabed, K.K.BenabedMiville-Deschênes, M. -A.M. -A.Miville-DeschênesMoneti, A.A.MonetiMontier, L.L.MontierMORGANTE, GIANLUCAGIANLUCAMORGANTEMortlock, D.D.MortlockVielva, P.P.VielvaMunshi, D.D.MunshiMurphy, J. A.J. A.MurphyNaselsky, P.P.NaselskyNati, F.F.NatiNatoli, P.P.NatoliBenoit-Lévy, A.A.Benoit-LévyNoviello, F.F.NovielloNovikov, D.D.NovikovNovikov, I.I.NovikovOxborrow, C. A.C. A.OxborrowVILLA, FABRIZIOFABRIZIOVILLAPagano, L.L.PaganoPajot, F.F.PajotPAOLETTI, DANIELADANIELAPAOLETTIPerdereau, O.O.PerdereauPerotto, L.L.PerottoPettorino, V.V.PettorinoBersanelli, M.M.BersanelliPiacentini, F.F.PiacentiniPiat, M.M.PiatPierpaoli, E.E.PierpaoliWade, L. A.L. A.WadePointecouteau, E.E.PointecouteauPolenta, G.G.PolentaPonthieu, N.N.PonthieuPratt, G. W.G. W.PrattPuget, J. -L.J. -L.PugetPuisieux, S.S.PuisieuxRachen, J. P.J. P.RachenBielewicz, P.P.BielewiczRacine, B.B.RacineReach, W. T.W. T.ReachWandelt, B. D.B. D.WandeltReinecke, M.M.ReineckeRemazeilles, M.M.RemazeillesRenault, C.C.RenaultRenzi, A.A.RenziRistorcelli, I.I.RistorcelliRocha, G.G.RochaRosset, C.C.RossetROSSETTI, MARIACHIARAMARIACHIARAROSSETTIBock, J. J.J. J.BockRoudier, G.G.RoudierWang, W.W.WangRubiño-Martín, J. A.J. A.Rubiño-MartínRusholme, B.B.RusholmeSANDRI, MAURAMAURASANDRISantos, D.D.SantosSavelainen, M.M.SavelainenSavini, G.G.SaviniScott, D.D.ScottSpencer, L. D.L. D.SpencerStolyarov, V.V.StolyarovBonaldi, A.A.BonaldiWehus, I. K.I. K.WehusSudiwala, R.R.Sudiwala2020-05-292020-05-2920160004-6361http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/25289By looking at the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) in Planck nominal mission data, we present a significant detection of baryons participating in large-scale bulk flows around central galaxies (CGs) at redshift z ≈ 0.1. We estimate the pairwise momentum of the kSZ temperature fluctuations at the positions of the Central Galaxy Catalogue (CGC) samples extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-DR7) data. For the foreground-cleaned SEVEM, SMICA, NILC, and COMMANDER maps, we find 1.8-2.5σ detections of the kSZ signal, which are consistent with the kSZ evidence found in individualPlanck raw frequency maps, although lower than found in the WMAP-9yr W-band (3.3σ). We further reconstruct the peculiar velocity field from the CG density field, and compute for the first time the cross-correlation function between kSZ temperature fluctuations and estimates of CG radial peculiar velocities. This correlation function yields a 3.0-3.7σ detection of the peculiar motion of extended gas on Mpc scales in flows correlated up to distances of 80-100 h-1 Mpc. Both the pairwise momentum estimates and the kSZ temperature-velocity field correlation find evidence for kSZ signatures out to apertures of 8 arcmin and beyond, corresponding to a physical radius of >1 Mpc, more than twice the mean virial radius of halos. This is consistent with the predictions from hydrodynamical simulations that most of the baryons are outside the virialized halos. We fit a simple model, in which the temperature-velocity cross-correlation is proportional to the signal seen in a semi-analytic model built upon N-body simulations, and interpret the proportionality constant as an effective optical depth to Thomson scattering. We find τT = (1.4 ± 0.5) × 10-4; the simplest interpretation of this measurement is that much of the gas is in a diffuse phase, which contributes little signal to X-ray or thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich observations.STAMPAenPlanck intermediate results. XXXVII. Evidence of unbound gas from the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effectArticle10.1051/0004-6361/2015263282-s2.0-84958986338000369715900150https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2016/02/aa26328-15/aa26328-15.html2016A&A...586A.140PFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAERC sectors::Physical Sciences and Engineering::PE9 Universe sciences: astro-physics/chemistry/biology; solar systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, planetary systems, cosmology, space science, instrumentation