RUSSO, FrancescoFrancescoRUSSO2025-11-242025-11-242025-11-13http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/45208This document describes the firmware design of an acquisition and control system for cosmic ray detection instruments. It describes the various IP-Module (Intellectual Property) required for cosmic ray photon-counting, acquisition of rapid events with a duration on the order of nanoseconds, such as those generated by Cherenkov radiation produced by electromagnetic showers, via 1GSMP/s sampling. Simultaneously, it also captures events with a duration of tens of nanoseconds or longer, such as those generated by atmospheric fluorescence produced by hadronic showers. This document also describes the IP modules dedicated to reading the analog Peak Detectors, managing the Triggers and Time Stamp via PPS signals, reading the Housekeeping and Rate Meters, generating test pulses, managing the service forms, and finally managing communication with a host computer. The functional description of the modules is written in VHDL code, and the FPGA devices used are from the CYCLONE-V family from ALTERA (Intel), as is the Quartus development environment. For the tests, both SIPM and MaPMT detectors were used, connected to the corresponding front ends, whether ASIC-based, such as the RADIOROC from Weeroc, or with custom high-speed discrete electronics.ELETTRONICOenTechnical reporthttps://doi.org/10.20371/INAF/TechRep/347