Kern, Nicholas S.Nicholas S.KernDillon, Joshua S.Joshua S.DillonParsons, Aaron R.Aaron R.ParsonsCarilli, Christopher L.Christopher L.CarilliBERNARDI, GIANNIGIANNIBERNARDIAbdurashidova, ZaraZaraAbdurashidovaAguirre, James E.James E.AguirreAlexander, PaulPaulAlexanderAli, Zaki S.Zaki S.AliBalfour, YangaYangaBalfourBeardsley, Adam P.Adam P.BeardsleyBillings, Tashalee S.Tashalee S.BillingsBowman, Judd D.Judd D.BowmanBradley, Richard F.Richard F.BradleyBULL, PHILIPPHILIPBULLBurba, JacobJacobBurbaCarey, StevenStevenCareyCheng, CarinaCarinaChengDeBoer, David R.David R.DeBoerDexter, MattMattDexterde Lera Acedo, EloyEloyde Lera AcedoEly, JohnJohnElyEwall-Wice, AaronAaronEwall-WiceFagnoni, NicolasNicolasFagnoniFritz, RandallRandallFritzFurlanetto, Steve R.Steve R.FurlanettoGale-Sides, KingsleyKingsleyGale-SidesGlendenning, BrianBrianGlendenningGorthi, DeepthiDeepthiGorthiGreig, BradleyBradleyGreigGrobbelaar, JasperJasperGrobbelaarHalday, ZiyaadZiyaadHaldayHazelton, Bryna J.Bryna J.HazeltonHewitt, Jacqueline N.Jacqueline N.HewittHickish, JackJackHickishJacobs, Daniel C.Daniel C.JacobsJulius, AustinAustinJuliusKerrigan, JoshuaJoshuaKerriganKittiwisit, PiyanatPiyanatKittiwisitKohn, Saul A.Saul A.KohnKolopanis, MatthewMatthewKolopanisLanman, AdamAdamLanmanLa Plante, PaulPaulLa PlanteLekalake, TelaloTelaloLekalakeLiu, AdrianAdrianLiuMacMahon, DavidDavidMacMahonMalan, LourenceLourenceMalanMalgas, CresshimCresshimMalgasMaree, MatthysMatthysMareeMartinot, Zachary E.Zachary E.MartinotMatsetela, EuniceEuniceMatsetelaMesinger, AndreiAndreiMesingerMolewa, MathakaneMathakaneMolewaMorales, Miguel F.Miguel F.MoralesMosiane, TshegofalangTshegofalangMosianeMurray, Steven G.Steven G.MurrayNeben, Abraham R.Abraham R.NebenNikolic, BojanBojanNikolicNunhokee, Chuneeta D.Chuneeta D.NunhokeePatra, NipanjanaNipanjanaPatraPieterse, SamanthaSamanthaPietersePober, Jonathan C.Jonathan C.PoberRazavi-Ghods, NimaNimaRazavi-GhodsRinguette, JonJonRinguetteRobnett, JamesJamesRobnettRosie, KathrynKathrynRosieSims, PeterPeterSimsSmith, CraigCraigSmithSyce, AngeloAngeloSyceThyagarajan, NithyanandanNithyanandanThyagarajanWilliams, Peter K. G.Peter K. G.WilliamsZheng, HaoxuanHaoxuanZheng2022-03-222022-03-2220200004-637Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/31766We discuss absolute calibration strategies for Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), which aims to measure the cosmological 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization. HERA is a drift-scan array with a 10° wide field of view, meaning bright, well-characterized point-source transits are scarce. This, combined with HERA's redundant sampling of the uv plane and the modest angular resolution of the Phase I instrument, make traditional sky-based and self-calibration techniques difficult to implement with high dynamic range. Nonetheless, in this work, we demonstrate calibration for HERA using point-source catalogs and electromagnetic simulations of its primary beam. We show that unmodeled diffuse flux and instrumental contaminants can corrupt the gain solutions and present a gain-smoothing approach for mitigating their impact on the 21 cm power spectrum. We also demonstrate a hybrid sky and redundant calibration scheme and compare it to pure sky-based calibration, showing only a marginal improvement to the gain solutions at intermediate delay scales. Our work suggests that the HERA Phase I system can be well calibrated for a foreground avoidance power spectrum estimator by applying direction-independent gains with a small set of degrees of freedom across the frequency and time axes.STAMPAitArticle10.3847/1538-4357/ab67bc2-s2.0-85081581213https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab67bc2020ApJ...890..122KFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAERC sectors::Physical Sciences and Engineering::PE9 Universe sciences: astro-physics/chemistry/biology; solar systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, planetary systems, cosmology, space science, instrumentation