Vogt, Frédéric P. A.Frédéric P. A.VogtKerber, FlorianFlorianKerberMehner, AndreaAndreaMehnerYu, ShanshanShanshanYuPfrommer, ThomasThomasPfrommerLo Curto, GaspareGaspareLo CurtoFigueira, PedroPedroFigueiraParraguez, DiegoDiegoParraguezPepe, Francesco A.Francesco A.PepeMégevand, DenisDenisMégevandRIVA, MarcoMarcoRIVADI MARCANTONIO, PaoloPaoloDI MARCANTONIOLovis, ChristopheChristopheLovisAmate, ManuelManuelAmateMOLARO, PaoloPaoloMOLAROCabral, AlexandreAlexandreCabralOsorio, Maria Rosa ZapateroMaria Rosa ZapateroOsorio2021-04-162021-04-1620190031-9007http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/30777Raman scattering enables unforeseen uses for the laser guide-star system of the Very Large Telescope. Here, we present the observation of one up-link sodium laser beam acquired with the ESPRESSO spectrograph at a resolution λ /Δ λ ˜140 000 . In 900 s on source, we detect the pure rotational Raman lines of <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB>, <SUP>14</SUP>N<SUB>2</SUB>, and <SUP>14</SUP>N <SUP>15</SUP>N (tentatively) up to rotational quantum numbers J of 27, 24, and 9, respectively. We detect the <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB> fine-structure lines induced by the interaction of the electronic spin S and end-over-end rotational angular momentum N in the electronic ground state of this molecule up to N =9 . The same spectrum also reveals the ν<SUB>1 ←0</SUB> rotational-vibrational Q-branch for <SUP>16</SUP>O<SUB>2</SUB> and <SUP>14</SUP>N<SUB>2</SUB> 14. These observations demonstrate the potential of using laser guide-star systems as accurate calibration sources for characterizing new astronomical spectrographs.STAMPAenArticle10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.0611012-s2.0-85070547431http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.05897v1https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.0611012019PhRvL.123f1101VFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA