The JEM-EUSO mission: An introduction

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S.Morozenko2020-03-242020-03-2420150922-6435http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/23505The Extreme Universe Space Observatory on board the Japanese Experiment Module of the International Space Station, JEM-EUSO, is being designed to search from space ultra-high energy cosmic rays. These are charged particles with energies from a few 1019 eV to beyond 1020 eV, at the very end of the known cosmic ray energy spectrum. JEM-EUSO will also search for extreme energy neutrinos, photons, and exotic particles, providing a unique opportunity to explore largely unknown phenomena in our Universe. The mission, principally based on a wide field of view (60 degrees) near-UV telescope with a diameter of ̃ 2.5 m, will monitor the earth's atmosphere at night, pioneering the observation from space of the ultraviolet tracks (290-430 nm) associated with giant extensive air showers produced by ultra-high energy primaries propagating in the earth's atmosphere. Observing from an orbital altitude of ̃ 400 km, the mission is expected to reach an instantaneous geometrical aperture of A g e o ≥ 2 × 105 km2 sr with an estimated duty cycle of ̃ 20 %. Such a geometrical aperture allows unprecedented exposures, significantly larger than can be obtained with ground-based experiments. In this paper we briefly review the history of space-based search for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We then introduce the special issue of Experimental Astronomy devoted to the various aspects of such a challenging enterprise. We also summarise the activities of the on-going JEM-EUSO program. STAMPAenThe JEM-EUSO mission: An introductionArticle10.1007/s10686-015-9482-x2-s2.0-84946838753000365280200002https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10686-015-9482-x2015ExA....40....3AFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAScienze Fisiche Settori ERC (ERC) di riferimento::PE9 Universe sciences: astro-physics/chemistry/biology; solar systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, planetary systems, cosmology, space science, instrumentation::PE9_17 Instrumentation – telescopes, detectors and techniques