Smith, J. D. T.J. D. T.SmithCroxall, KevinKevinCroxallDraine, BruceBruceDraineDe Looze, IlseIlseDe LoozeSandstrom, KarinKarinSandstromArmus, LeeLeeArmusBeirão, PedroPedroBeirãoBolatto, AlbertoAlbertoBolattoBoquien, MedericMedericBoquienBrandl, BernhardBernhardBrandlCrocker, AlisonAlisonCrockerDale, Daniel A.Daniel A.DaleGalametz, MaudMaudGalametzGroves, BrentBrentGrovesHelou, GeorgeGeorgeHelouHerrera-Camus, RodrigoRodrigoHerrera-CamusHUNT, Leslie KippLeslie KippHUNTKennicutt, RobertRobertKennicuttWalter, FabianFabianWalterWolfire, MarkMarkWolfire2020-08-202020-08-2020170004-637Xhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/26746We present [C II] 158 μm measurements from over 15,000 resolved regions within 54 nearby galaxies of the Kingfish program to investigate the so-called [C II] “line-cooling deficit” long known to occur in galaxies with different luminosities. The [C II]/TIR ratio ranges from above 1% to below 0.1% in the sample, with a mean value of 0.48 ± 0.21%. We find that the surface density of 24 μm emission dominates this trend, with [C II]/TIR dropping as ν {I}<SUB>ν </SUB>(24 μ {{m}}) increases. Deviations from this overall decline are correlated with changes in the gas-phase metal abundance, with higher metallicity associated with deeper deficits at a fixed surface brightness. We supplement the local sample with resolved [C II] measurements from nearby luminous infrared galaxies and high-redshift sources from z = 1.8-6.4, and find that star formation rate density drives a continuous trend of deepening [C II] deficit across six orders of magnitude in {{{Σ }}}<SUB>{{sfr</SUB>}}. The tightness of this correlation suggests that an approximate {{{Σ }}}<SUB>{{sfr</SUB>}} can be estimated directly from global measurements of [C II]/TIR, and a relation is provided to do so. Several low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (AGN) hosts in the sample show additional and significant central suppression of [C II]/TIR, but these deficit enhancements occur not in those AGNs with the highest X-ray luminosities, but instead those with the highest central starlight intensities. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the [C II] line-cooling line deficit in galaxies likely arises from local physical phenomena in interstellar gas.STAMPAenArticle10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/52-s2.0-85010028177000391573000005https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/52017ApJ...834....5SFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAPE9 Universe sciences: astro-physics/chemistry/biology; solar systems; stellar, galactic and extragalactic astronomy, planetary systems, cosmology, space science, instrumentation