Otor, Oderah JustinOderah JustinOtorMontet, Benjamin T.Benjamin T.MontetJohnson, John AsherJohn AsherJohnsonCharbonneau, DavidDavidCharbonneauCollier-Cameron, AndrewAndrewCollier-CameronHoward, Andrew W.Andrew W.HowardIsaacson, HowardHowardIsaacsonLatham, David W.David W.LathamLopez-Morales, MercedesMercedesLopez-MoralesLovis, ChristopheChristopheLovisMayor, MichelMichelMayorMICELA, GiuseppinaGiuseppinaMICELAMOLINARI, Emilio CarloEmilio CarloMOLINARIPepe, FrancescoFrancescoPepePiotto, GiampaoloGiampaoloPiottoPhillips, David F.David F.PhillipsQueloz, DidierDidierQuelozRice, KenKenRiceSasselov, DimitarDimitarSasselovSégransan, DamienDamienSégransanSOZZETTI, AlessandroAlessandroSOZZETTIUdry, StéphaneStéphaneUdryWatson, ChrisChrisWatson2021-01-082021-01-0820160004-6256http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/29612While the vast majority of multiple-planet systems have orbital angular momentum axes that align with the spin axis of their host star, Kepler-56 is an exception: its two transiting planets are coplanar yet misaligned by at least 40° with respect to the rotation axis of their host star. Additional follow-up observations of Kepler-56 suggest the presence of a massive, non-transiting companion that may help explain this misalignment. We model the transit data along with Keck/HIRES and HARPS-N radial velocity data to update the masses of the two transiting planets and infer the physical properties of the third, non-transiting planet. We employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler to calculate the best-fitting orbital parameters and their uncertainties for each planet. We find the outer planet has a period of 1002 ± 5 days and minimum mass of 5.61 ± 0.38 {M}<SUB>{Jup</SUB>}. We also place a 95% upper limit of 0.80 m s<SUP>-1</SUP> yr<SUP>-1</SUP> on long-term trends caused by additional, more distant companions.STAMPAenThe Orbit and Mass of the Third Planet in the Kepler-56 SystemArticle10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/1652-s2.0-85009105037000403840400002https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/1652016AJ....152..165OFIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICAERC sectors::Physical Sciences and Engineering