Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Journal
Date Issued
2024
Author(s)
Gaia Collaboration
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Krone-Martins, A.
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Ducourant, C.
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Galluccio, L.
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Delchambre, L.
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Oreshina-Slezak, I.
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Teixeira, R.
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Braine, J.
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Le Campion, J. -F.
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Mignard, F.
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Roux, W.
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Blazere, A.
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Pegoraro, L.
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Brown, A. G. A.
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Prusti, T.
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de Bruijne, J. H. J.
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Arenou, F.
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Babusiaux, C.
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Barbier, A.
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Biermann, M.
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Creevey, O. L.
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Evans, D. W.
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Eyer, L.
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Guerra, R.
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Hutton, A.
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Jordi, C.
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Klioner, S. A.
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Lammers, U.
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Lindegren, L.
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Luri, X.
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Sartoretti, P.
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Smiljanic, R.
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Tanga, P.
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Walton, N. A.
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Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.
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Bastian, U.
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Cropper, M.
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Katz, D.
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Soubiran, C.
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van Leeuwen, F.
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Audard, M.
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Bakker, J.
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Blomme, R.
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Castañeda, J.
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De Angeli, F.
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Fabricius, C.
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Fouesneau, M.
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Frémat, Y.
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Guerrier, A.
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Masana, E.
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Messineo, R.
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Nicolas, C.
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Nienartowicz, K.
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Pailler, F.
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Panuzzo, P.
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Riclet, F.
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Seabroke, G. M.
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Thévenin, F.
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Gracia-Abril, G.
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Portell, J.
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Teyssier, D.
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Altmann, M.
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Benson, K.
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Berthier, J.
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Burgess, P. W.
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Busso, G.
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Cánovas, H.
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Carry, B.
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Cheek, N.
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Damerdji, Y.
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Davidson, M.
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de Teodoro, P.
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Fraile Garcia, E.
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Garabato, D.
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García-Lario, P.
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Garralda Torres, N.
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Gavras, P.
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Haigron, R.
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Hambly, N. C.
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Harrison, D. L.
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Hatzidimitriou, D.
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Hernández, J.
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Hodgkin, S. T.
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Holl, B.
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Jamal, S.
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Jordan, S.
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Löffler, W.
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Lorca, A.
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Marchal, O.
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Moitinho, A.
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Muinonen, K.
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Nuñez Campos, M.
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Osborne, P.
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Pauwels, T.
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Recio-Blanco, A.
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Riello, M.
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Rimoldini, L.
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Robin, A. C.
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Roegiers, T.
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Sarro, L. M.
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Schultheis, M.
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Siopis, C.
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Smith, M.
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Utrilla, E.
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van Leeuwen, M.
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Weingrill, K.
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Ábrahám, P.
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Abreu Aramburu, A.
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Aerts, C.
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Álvarez, M. A.
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Alves, J.
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Anderson, R. I.
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Antoja, T.
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Baines, D.
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Baker, S. G.
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Balog, Z.
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Barache, C.
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Barbato, D.
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Barros, M.
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Barstow, M. A.
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Bartolomé, S.
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Bashi, D.
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Bauchet, N.
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Baudeau, N.
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Bellas-Velidis, I.
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Beordo, W.
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Berihuete, A.
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Bernet, M.
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Bertolotto, C.
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Bianchi, L.
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Binnenfeld, A.
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Boch, T.
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Bombrun, A.
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Bouquillon, S.
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Bramante, L.
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Breedt, E.
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Bressan, A.
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Brouillet, N.
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Butkevich, A. G.
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Caffau, E.
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Cancelliere, R.
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Cannizzo, S.
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Carballo, R.
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Carlucci, T.
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Carrasco, J. M.
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Carretero, J.
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Carton, S.
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Casamiquela, L.
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Castro-Ginard, A.
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Cesare, V.
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Charlot, P.
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Chemin, L.
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Chiaramida, V.
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Chiavassa, A.
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Chornay, N.
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Collins, R.
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Contursi, G.
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Cooper, W. J.
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Cornez, T.
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Crowley, C.
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Dafonte, C.
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de Laverny, P.
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De March, R.
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de Souza, R.
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de Torres, A.
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del Peloso, E. F.
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Delbo, M.
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Delgado, A.
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Dharmawardena, T. E.
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Diakite, S.
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Diener, C.
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Dolding, C.
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Dsilva, K.
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Enke, H.
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Esquej, P.
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Fabre, C.
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Faigler, S.
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Fatović, M.
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Fedorets, G.
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Fernández-Hernández, J.
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Fernique, P.
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Figueras, F.
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Fournier, Y.
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Fouron, C.
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Galinier, M.
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Garcia-Gutierrez, A.
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García-Torres, M.
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Gerlach, E.
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Geyer, R.
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Gilmore, G.
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Girona, S.
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Giuffrida, G.
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Gomel, R.
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Gomez, A.
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González-Núñez, J.
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González-Santamaría, I.
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Gosset, E.
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Granvik, M.
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Gregori Barrera, V.
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Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R.
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Haywood, M.
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Helmer, A.
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Helmi, A.
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Henares, K.
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Hidalgo, S. L.
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Hilger, T.
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Hobbs, D.
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Hottier, C.
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Huckle, H. E.
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Jabłońska, M.
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Jansen, F.
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Jiménez-Arranz, Ó.
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Juaristi Campillo, J.
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Khanna, S.
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Kordopatis, G.
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Kóspál, Á.
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Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z.
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Kun, M.
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Lambert, S.
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Lebreton, Y.
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Lebzelter, T.
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Lecoeur-Taibi, I.
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Lecoutre, G.
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Liao, S.
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Liberato, L.
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Lindstrøm, H. E. P.
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Lister, T. A.
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Livanou, E.
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Lobel, A.
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Loup, C.
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Mahy, L.
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Mann, R. G.
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Manteiga, M.
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Marchant, J. M.
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Marín Pina, D.
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Marshall, D. J.
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Martín Lozano, J.
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Martín-Fleitas, J. M.
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Marton, G.
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Mary, N.
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Masip, A.
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Massari, D.
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Mastrobuono-Battisti, A.
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Mazeh, T.
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McMillan, P. J.
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Meichsner, J.
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Michalik, D.
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Millar, N. R.
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Mints, A.
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Molina, D.
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Molnár, L.
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Monari, G.
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Monguió, M.
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Montero, A.
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Mor, R.
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Mora, A.
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Morel, T.
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Morris, D.
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Mowlavi, N.
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Munoz, D.
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Murphy, C. P.
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Nagy, Z.
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Nieto, S.
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Noval, L.
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Ogden, A.
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Ordenovic, C.
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Pagani, C.
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Palaversa, L.
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Palicio, P. A.
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Pallas-Quintela, L.
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Panahi, A.
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Panem, C.
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Payne-Wardenaar, S.
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Penttilä, A.
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Pesciullesi, P.
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Pineau, F. -X.
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Plachy, E.
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Plum, G.
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Pourbaix, D.
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Prša, A.
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Racero, E.
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Ramos, P.
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Ramos-Lerate, M.
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Ratajczak, M.
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Regibo, S.
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Reylé, C.
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Rix, H. -W.
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Rixon, G.
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Robichon, N.
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Robin, C.
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Romero-Gómez, M.
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Rowell, N.
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Royer, F.
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Ruz Mieres, D.
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Rybicki, K. A.
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Sadowski, G.
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Sáez Núñez, A.
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Sagristà Sellés, A.
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Sahlmann, J.
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Sanchez Gimenez, V.
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Santoveña, R.
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Sarrate Riera, C.
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Segovia, J. C.
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Ségransan, D.
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Shahaf, S.
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Siebert, A.
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Siltala, L.
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Slezak, E.
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Snaith, O. N.
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Solano, E.
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Solitro, F.
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Souami, D.
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Souchay, J.
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Spitoni, E.
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Spoto, F.
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Squillante, L. A.
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Steele, I. A.
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Steidelmüller, H.
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Surdej, J.
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Szabados, L.
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Taris, F.
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Taylor, M. B.
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Tisanić, K.
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Tolomei, L.
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Torra, F.
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Torralba Elipe, G.
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Trabucchi, M.
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Ulla, A.
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Unger, N.
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Vanel, O.
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Vicente, D.
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Voutsinas, S.
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Weiler, M.
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Wyrzykowski, Ł.
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Zhao, H.
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Zorec, J.
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Zwitter, T.
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Balaguer-Núñez, L.
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Leclerc, N.
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Morgenthaler, S.
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Robert, G.
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Zucker, S.
DOI
Abstract
Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of 0.18″ in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular separations such as those expected for most lenses.
Aims: We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources, thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars.
Methods: GravLens uses the DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to establish a list of lens candidates.
Results: We analysed the environment of 3 760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were found within 6″ of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia archive. In 87% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385 cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising ones. Beyond these candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies further.

Full Tables 2 and 3 are available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/685/A130

Volume
685
Start page
A130
Uri
Url
Issn Identifier
0004-6361
Ads BibCode
2024A&A...685A.130G
Rights
open.access
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