X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst
Date Issued
2023
Author(s)
Peirson, Abel L.
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Liodakis, Ioannis
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Kim, Dawoon E.
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Marscher, Alan P.
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Marshall, Herman L.
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Romani, Roger W.
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Wu, Kinwah
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Di Lalla, Niccoló
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Pavlov, George G.
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Pesce-Rollins, Melissa
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Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
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Puccetti, Simonetta
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Ramsey, Brian D.
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Omodei, Nicola
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Roberts, Oliver J.
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Sgró, Carmelo
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Slane, Patrick
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Spandre, Gloria
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Swartz, Douglas A.
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Tamagawa, Toru
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Taverna, Roberto
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Tawara, Yuzuru
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Jorstad, Svetlana G.
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Tennant, Allyn F.
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Thomas, Nicholas E.
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Tsygankov, Sergey
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Turolla, Roberto
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Vink, Jacco
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Weisskopf, Martin C.
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Zane, Silvia
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Agudo, Iván
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Kouch, Pouya M.
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Lindfors, Elina
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Aceituno, Francisco José
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Bernardos, Maria I.
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Casanova, Víctor
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García-Comas, Maya
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Agís-González, Beatriz
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Husillos, César
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Marchini, Alessandro
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Sota, Alfredo
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Casadio, Carolina
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Escudero, Juan
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Myserlis, Ioannis
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Sievers, Albrecht
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Gurwell, Mark
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Rao, Ramprasad
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Imazawa, Ryo
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Sasada, Mahito
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Fukazawa, Yasushi
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Kawabata, Koji S.
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Uemura, Makoto
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Mizuno, Tsunefumi
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Nakaoka, Tatsuya
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Akitaya, Hiroshi
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Cheong, Yeon
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Jeong, Hyeon-Woo
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Kang, Sincheol
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Kim, Sang-Hyun
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Lee, Sang-Sung
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Angelakis, Emmanouil
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Kraus, Alexander
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Cibrario, Nicoló
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Donnarumma, Immacolata
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Poutanen, Juri
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Baldini, Luca
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Baumgartner, Wayne H.
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Bellazzini, Ronaldo
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Bianchi, Stefano
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Bongiorno, Stephen D.
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Bonino, Raffaella
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Brez, Alessandro
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Castellano, Simone
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Cavazzuti, Elisabetta
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Chen, Chien-Ting
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Ciprini, Stefano
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Di Gesu, Laura
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Doroshenko, Victor
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Dovčiak, Michal
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Ehlert, Steven R.
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Enoto, Teruaki
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Garcia, Javier A.
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Gunji, Shuichi
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Hayashida, Kiyoshi
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Heyl, Jeremy
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Iwakiri, Wataru
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Kaaret, Philip
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Karas, Vladimir
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Kitaguchi, Takao
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Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.
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Krawczynski, Henric
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Latronico, Luca
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Madejski, Grzegorz
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Maldera, Simone
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Manfreda, Alberto
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Marin, Frédéric
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Marinucci, Andrea
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Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki
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Ng, C. -Y.
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O'Dell, Stephen L.
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Oppedisano, Chiara
Abstract
We report the first >99% confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/γ-ray outburst, a 287 ks observation (2022 November 27-30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory and XMM-Newton in soft X-rays (0.3-10 keV), NuSTAR in hard X-rays (3-70 keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the IXPE energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find >99% confidence X-ray polarization ${{\rm{\Pi }}}_{2\mbox{--}4\mathrm{keV}}={21.7}_{-7.9}^{+5.6} \% $ and electric vector polarization angle ψ 2-4keV = -28.°7 ± 8.°7 in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous IXPE BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs.
Volume
948
Issue
2
Start page
L25
Issn Identifier
2041-8205
Ads BibCode
2023ApJ...948L..25P
Rights
open.access
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