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Volcanic ash concentration during the 12 August 2011 Etna eruption

Journal
Date Issued
2015
Author(s)
Scollo, Simona
•
Boselli, Antonella
•
Coltelli, Mauro
•
•
Pisani, Gianluca
•
Prestifilippo, Michele
•
Spinelli, Nicola
•
Wang, Xuan
DOI
Description
We are grateful to the Italian Air Force Meteorological Office and Italian National Department of Civil Protection for providing meteorological data covering the entire area of Sicily on a daily basis. The authors thank C. Connor and K. Kiyosugi for suggesting some improvements to the PUFF code, C. Bonadonna and A. Costa for their valuable comments, Peter Webley and an anonymous reviewers that greatly helped to improve the quality of the paper. Video‐surveillance images from the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo (INGV‐OE) are subject to INGV data policy. Column height and lidar data reported in the paper and changes of the PUFF code necessary to reproduce our analysis are available from the authors upon request ( simona.scollo@ingv.it ). Sincere thanks go to Stephen Conway for helping with the English text. This study was undertaken by the MEDSUV project funded from the European Union's Seventh Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration under grant agreement 308665. The Editor thanks Peter Webley and an anonymous reviewer for their assistance in evaluating this paper.
Abstract
Mount Etna, in Italy, is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and an ideal laboratory to improve volcano ash monitoring and forecasting. During the volcanic episode on 12 August 2011, an eruption column rose up to several kilometers above sea level (asl), and the volcanic plume dispersed to the southeast. From the video-surveillance system, we were able to estimate variations in the column height (peak value of 9.5 ± 0.5 km above sea level) with time. We derived the time-varying discharge rate (peak value of 60 m3 s-1) and determined the ash concentration using a volcanic ash dispersal model. The modeled ash concentration was compared with lidar measurements using different particle effective radius, and differences are within the error bars. Volcanic ash concentrations range from 0.5 to 35.5 × 10-3 g m-3. The comparison highlights that to improve volcanic ash forecasting during volcanic crises it is necessary to take into account the time-varying discharge rate of explosive eruptions.
Volume
42
Issue
8
Start page
2634
Uri
Url
Issn Identifier
0094-8276
Ads BibCode
2015GeoRL..42.2634S
Rights
open.access
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