Protoplanetary disks and the dawn of planets with SKA

Abstract

Protoplanetary disks are formed as a consequence of angular momentum conservation during star formation. Planetary systems are expected to form within the disks during the first few Myrs of evolution of the system. The SKA1, in combination with ALMA and E-ELT, can provide unique constraints on the physical and chemical processes associated with planet formation. In this contribution we investigate the key areas in which SKA1 and its future extensions will advance our understanding of planetary system formation and the delivery of complex and pre-biotic molecules on the proto-planets. We focus mainly on three aspects: the growth of solids and the first steps towards the rocky cores of planets, the detectability of pre-biotic molecules in the gas phase in disks, and the effects of the central star on the disk chemistry. For each area, we discuss which SKA1 science requirements need to be fullfilled to allow this science to be carried out. It emerges that, if the high frequency bands are deployed, SKA1 has the potential of delivering unique and transformational science in the field of planet formation. Key science contributions are also possible with a SKA1 without Band 5, but the impact will be significantly reduced. Wealso identify the limitations of SKA1 and the expansion of capabilities that will be required in the future.