Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/23317
Title: | Accretion and ejection in black-hole X-ray transients | Authors: | Kylafis, N. D. BELLONI, Tomaso Maria Melchiorre |
Issue Date: | 2015 | Journal: | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | Number: | 574 | First Page: | A133 | Abstract: | Context. A rich phenomenology has been accumulated over the years regarding accretion and ejection in black-hole X-ray transients (BHTs) and it needs an interpretation. Aims: Here we summarize the current observational picture of the outbursts of BHTs, based on the evolution traced in a hardness-luminosity diagram (HLD), and we offer a physical interpretation. Methods: The basic ingredient in our interpretation is the Poynting-Robertson cosmic battery (PRCB), which provides locally the poloidal magnetic field needed for the ejection of the jet. In addition, we make two assumptions, easily justifiable. The first is that the mass-accretion rate to the black hole in a BHT outburst has a generic bell-shaped form, whose characteristic time scale is much longer than the dynamical or the cooling ones. This is guaranteed by the observational fact that all BHTs start their outburst and end it at the quiescent state, i.e., at very low accretion rate, and that state transitions take place over long time scales (hours to days). The second assumption is that at low accretion rates the accretion flow is geometrically thick, ADAF-like, while at high accretion rates it is geometrically thin. Last, but not least, we demonstrate that the previous history of the system is absolutely necessary for the interpretation of the HLD. Results: Both, at the beginning and the end of an outburst, the PRCB establishes a strong poloidal magnetic field in the ADAF-like part of the accretion flow, and this explains naturally why a jet is always present in the right part of the HLD. In the left part of the HLD, the accretion flow is in the form of a thin disk, and such a disk cannot sustain a strong poloidal magnetic filed. Thus, no jet is expected in this part of the HLD. Finally, the counterclockwise traversal of the HLD is explained as follows: all outbursts start from the quiescent state, in which the inner part of the accretion flow is ADAF-like, threaded by a poloidal magnetic field. As the accretion rate increases and the source moves to the hard state, the poloidal magnetic field in the ADAF forces the flow to remain ADAF and the source to move upwards in the HLD rather than to turn left. Thus, the history of the system determines the counterclockwise traversal of the HLD. As a result, no BHT is expected to ever traverse the entire HLD curve in the clockwise direction. Conclusions: We offer a physical interpretation of accretion and ejection in BHTs with only one parameter, the mass transfer rate, plus the history of the system. | Acknowledgments: | We thank an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments, which have improved our paper in both content and readability. We have also profited from discussions with Iossif Papadakis. One of us (N.D.K.) acknowledges useful discussions with P. Casella, I. Contopoulos, B. F. Liu, S. Motta, R. Narayan, and A. Zdziarski. This research has been supported in part by the “RoboPol” project, which is implemented under the “ARISTEIA” Action of the “Operational Program Education and Lifelong Learning” and is co-funded by the European Social Fund (ESF) and National Resources. Also, by EU Marie Curie projects No. 39965 and ITN 215212 (“Black Hole Universe”), EU REGPOT project number 206469, a Small Research Grant from the University of Crete, a COST-STSM-MP0905 grant and a grant from the European Astronomical Society in 2012. T.M.B. acknowledges support from INAF-PRIN 2012-6. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/23317 | URL: | https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2015/02/aa25106-14/aa25106-14.html | ISSN: | 0004-6361 | DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/201425106 | Bibcode ADS: | 2015A&A...574A.133K | Fulltext: | open |
Appears in Collections: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Astronomy and Astrophysics 2015 Kylafis.pdf | pdf editoriale | 430.11 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Page view(s)
126
checked on Apr 18, 2025
Download(s)
28
checked on Apr 18, 2025
Google ScholarTM
Check
Altmetric
Altmetric
Items in DSpace are published in Open Access, unless otherwise indicated.