Simultaneous HARPS and HARPS-N Observations of the Earth Transit of 2014 as Seen from Jupiter: Detection of an Inverse Rossiter-McLaughlin Effect

Abstract

Although there will not be another transit of Venus visible from the Earth until 2117, transits of other planets, including Earth, will be visible from other planets. We describe high resolution spectroscopic observations of the transit of Earth visible from Jupiter in January 2014 made with the HARPS North and South spectrographs. A Rossiter-McLaughlin effect was observed but with reverse sign and ~ 200 times larger. The result, presented in Molaro et al. (2015), was not at all what was expected and the explanation eventually led to the discovery of a new effect, a sort of inverse Rossiter-McLaughlin effect that has never been observed before.