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  3. 1 CONTRIBUTI IN RIVISTE (Journal articles)
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/25285
Title: A 1.9 Earth Radius Rocky Planet and the Discovery of a Non-transiting Planet in the Kepler-20 System
Authors: Buchhave, Lars A.
Dressing, Courtney D.
Dumusque, Xavier
Rice, Ken
Vanderburg, Andrew
Mortier, Annelies
Lopez-Morales, Mercedes
Lopez, Eric
Lundkvist, Mia S.
Kjeldsen, Hans
AFFER, Laura 
BONOMO, ALDO STEFANO 
Charbonneau, David
Collier Cameron, Andrew
COSENTINO, Rosario 
Figueira, Pedro
Fiorenzano, Aldo F. M.
HARUTYUNYAN, AVET
Haywood, Raphaëlle D.
Johnson, John Asher
Latham, David W.
Lovis, Christophe
Malavolta, Luca 
Mayor, Michel
MICELA, Giuseppina 
MOLINARI, Emilio Carlo 
Motalebi, Fatemeh
NASCIMBENI, VALERIO 
Pepe, Francesco
Phillips, David F.
Piotto, Giampaolo
Pollacco, Don
Queloz, Didier
Sasselov, Dimitar
Ségransan, Damien
SOZZETTI, Alessandro 
Udry, Stéphane
Watson, Chris
Issue Date: 2016
Journal: THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL 
Number: 152
Issue: 6
First Page: 160
Abstract: Kepler-20 is a solar-type star (V = 12.5) hosting a compact system of five transiting planets, all packed within the orbital distance of Mercury in our own solar system. A transition from rocky to gaseous planets with a planetary transition radius of ∼1.6 R_E has recently been proposed by several articles in the literature. Kepler-20b (R_p ∼ 1.9 R_E) has a size beyond this transition radius; however, previous mass measurements were not sufficiently precise to allow definite conclusions to be drawn regarding its composition. We present new mass measurements of three of the planets in the Kepler-20 system that are facilitated by 104 radial velocity measurements from the HARPS-N spectrograph and 30 archival Keck/HIRES observations, as well as an updated photometric analysis of the Kepler data and an asteroseismic analysis of the host star (M_star = 0.948+/- 0.051 M☉ and R_star = 0.964+/- 0.018 R☉). Kepler-20b is a 1.868_(-0.034)^(+0.066) R_E planet in a 3.7 day period with a mass of 9.70_(-1.44)^(+1.41) M_E, resulting in a mean density of 8.2_(-1.3)^(+1.5) g/cm^3, indicating a rocky composition with an iron-to-silicate ratio consistent with that of the Earth. This makes Kepler-20b the most massive planet with a rocky composition found to date. Furthermore, we report the discovery of an additional non-transiting planet with a minimum mass of 19.96_(-3.61)^(+3.08) M_E and an orbital period of ∼34 days in the gap between Kepler-20f (P ∼ 11 days) and Kepler-20d (P ∼ 78 days). -- Based on observations made with the Italian Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) operated on the island of La Palma by the Fundación Galileo Galilei of the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofísica) at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/25285
URL: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/160
ISSN: 0004-6256
DOI: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/6/160
Bibcode ADS: 2016AJ....152..160B
Fulltext: open
Appears in Collections:1.01 Articoli in rivista

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