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  1. OA@INAF
  2. PRODOTTI RICERCA INAF
  3. 1 CONTRIBUTI IN RIVISTE (Journal articles)
  4. 1.01 Articoli in rivista
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/32308
Title: The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). II. Torus and polar dust emission in nearby Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Alonso-Herrero, A.
García-Burillo, S.
Hönig, S. F.
García-Bernete, I.
Ramos Almeida, C.
González-Martín, O.
López-Rodríguez, E.
Boorman, P. G.
Bunker, A. J.
Burtscher, L.
Combes, F.
Davies, R.
Díaz-Santos, T.
Gandhi, P.
García-Lorenzo, B.
Hicks, E. K. S.
HUNT, Leslie Kipp 
Ichikawa, K.
Imanishi, M.
Izumi, T.
Labiano, A.
Levenson, N. A.
Packham, C.
Pereira-Santaella, M.
Ricci, C.
Rigopoulou, D.
Roche, P.
Rosario, D. J.
Rouan, D.
Shimizu, T.
Stalevski, M.
Wada, K.
Williamson, D.
Issue Date: 2021
Journal: ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 
Number: 652
First Page: A99
Abstract: We compare high angular resolution mid-infrared (mid-IR) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) far-infrared (far-IR) images of twelve nearby (median 21 Mpc) Seyfert galaxies selected from the Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). The mid-IR unresolved emission contributes more than 60% of the nuclear (diameters of 1.5″ ∼ 150 pc) emission in most galaxies. By contrast, the ALMA 870 μm continuum emission is mostlyresolved with a median diameter of 42 pc and typically along the equatorial direction of the torus (Paper I). The Eddington ratios and nuclear hydrogen column densities (N<SUB>H</SUB>) of half the sample are favorable to launching polar and/or equatorial dusty winds, according to numerical simulations. Six of these show mid-IR extended emission approximately in the polar direction as traced by the narrow line region and perpendicular to the ALMA emission. In a few galaxies, the nuclear N<SUB>H</SUB> might be too high to uplift large quantities of dusty material along the polar direction. Five galaxies have low N<SUB>H</SUB> and/or Eddington ratios and thus polar dusty winds are not likely. We generated new radiative transfer CAT3D-WIND disk+wind models and model images at 8, 12, and 700 μm. We tailored these models to the properties of the GATOS Seyferts in this work. At low wind-to-disk cloud ratios, the far-IR model images have disk- and ring-like morphologies. The characteristic "X"-shape associated with dusty winds is seen better in the far-IR at intermediate-high inclinations for the extended-wind configurations. In most of the explored models, the mid-IR emission mainly comes from the inner part of the disk and cone. Extended biconical and one-sided polar mid-IR emission is seen in extended-wind configurations and high wind-to-disk cloud ratios. When convolved to the typical angular resolution of our observations, the CAT3D-WIND model images reproduce qualitative aspects of the observed mid- and far-IR morphologies. However, low to intermediate values of the wind-to-disk ratio are required to account for the observed large fractions of unresolved mid-IR emission in our sample. This work and Paper I provide observational support for the torus+wind scenario. The wind component is more relevant at high Eddington ratios and/or active galactic nucleus luminosities, and polar dust emission is predicted at nuclear column densities of up to ∼10<SUP>24</SUP> cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The torus or disk component, on the other hand, prevails at low luminosities and/or Eddington ratios.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/32308
URL: https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/08/aa41219-21/aa41219-21.html
ISSN: 0004-6361
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202141219
Bibcode ADS: 2021A&A...652A..99A
Fulltext: open
Appears in Collections:1.01 Articoli in rivista

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