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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/34516
Title: | The double signature of local cosmic-ray acceleration in star-forming regions | Authors: | Padovani, Marco Marcowith, Alexandre GALLI, Daniele HUNT, Leslie Kipp FONTANI, FRANCESCO |
Issue Date: | 2021 | Journal: | ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS | Number: | 649 | First Page: | A149 | Abstract: | Context. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the study of the generation of low-energy cosmic rays (< 1 TeV) in shocks situated on the surface of a protostar or along protostellar jets. These locally accelerated cosmic rays offer an attractive explanation for the high levels of non-thermal emission and ionisation rates observed close to these sources. Aims: The high ionisation rate observed in some protostellar sources is generally attributed to shock-generated UV photons. The aim of this article is to show that when synchrotron emission and a high ionisation rate are measured in the same spatial region, a locally shock-accelerated cosmic-ray flux is sufficient to explain both phenomena. Methods: We assume that relativistic protons and electrons are accelerated according to the first-order Fermi acceleration mechanism, and we calculate their emerging fluxes at the shock surface. These fluxes are used to compute the ionisation rate and the non-thermal emission at centimetre wavelengths. We then apply our model to the star-forming region OMC-2 FIR 3/FIR 4. Using a Bayesian analysis, we constrain the parameters of the model and estimate the spectral indices of the non-thermal radio emission, the intensity of the magnetic field, and its degree of turbulence. Results: We demonstrate that the local cosmic-ray acceleration model makes it possible to simultaneously explain the synchrotron emission along the HOPS 370 jet within the FIR 3 region and the ionisation rate observed near the FIR 4 protocluster. In particular, our model constrains the magnetic field strength (∼250−450 μG), its turbulent component (∼20−40 μG), and the jet velocity in the shock reference frame for the three non-thermal sources of the HOPS 370 jet (between 350 km s-1 and 1000 km s-1). Conclusions: Beyond the modelling of the OMC-2 FIR 3/FIR 4 system, we show how the combination of continuum observations at centimetre wavelengths and molecular transitions is a powerful new tool for the analysis of star-forming regions: These two types of observations can be simultaneously interpreted by invoking only the presence of locally accelerated cosmic rays, without having to resort to shock-generated UV photons. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/34516 | URL: | https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/05/aa39918-20/aa39918-20.html | ISSN: | 0004-6361 | DOI: | 10.1051/0004-6361/202039918 | Bibcode ADS: | 2021A&A...649A.149P | Fulltext: | open |
Appears in Collections: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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Padovani (2021a).pdf | Pdf editoriale | 3.33 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
doublesig.pdf | postprint | 3.35 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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