Gravitational Test beyond the First Post-Newtonian Order with the Shadow of the M87 Black Hole
Journal
Date Issued
2020
Author(s)
Psaltis, Dimitrios
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Medeiros, Lia
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Christian, Pierre
•
Özel, Feryal
•
Akiyama, Kazunori
•
Alberdi, Antxon
•
Alef, Walter
•
Asada, Keiichi
•
Azulay, Rebecca
•
Ball, David
•
Baloković, Mislav
•
Barrett, John
•
Bintley, Dan
•
Blackburn, Lindy
•
Boland, Wilfred
•
Bower, Geoffrey C.
•
Bremer, Michael
•
Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
•
Brissenden, Roger
•
Britzen, Silke
•
Broguiere, Dominique
•
Bronzwaer, Thomas
•
Byun, Do-Young
•
Carlstrom, John E.
•
Chael, Andrew
•
Chan, Chi-kwan
•
Chatterjee, Shami
•
Chatterjee, Koushik
•
Chen, Ming-Tang
•
Chen, Yongjun
•
Cho, Ilje
•
Conway, John E.
•
Cordes, James M.
•
Crew, Geoffrey B.
•
Cui, Yuzhu
•
Davelaar, Jordy
•
De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
•
Deane, Roger
•
Dempsey, Jessica
•
Desvignes, Gregory
•
Dexter, Jason
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Eatough, Ralph P.
•
Falcke, Heino
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Fish, Vincent L.
•
Fomalont, Ed
•
Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
•
Friberg, Per
•
Fromm, Christian M.
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Gammie, Charles F.
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García, Roberto
•
Gentaz, Olivier
•
Goddi, Ciriaco
•
Gómez, José L.
•
Gu, Minfeng
•
Gurwell, Mark
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Hada, Kazuhiro
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Hesper, Ronald
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Ho, Luis C.
•
Ho, Paul
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Honma, Mareki
•
Huang, Chih-Wei L.
•
Huang, Lei
•
Hughes, David H.
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Inoue, Makoto
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Issaoun, Sara
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James, David J.
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Jannuzi, Buell T.
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Janssen, Michael
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Jiang, Wu
•
Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra
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Johnson, Michael D.
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Jorstad, Svetlana
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Jung, Taehyun
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Karami, Mansour
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Karuppusamy, Ramesh
•
Kawashima, Tomohisa
•
Keating, Garrett K.
•
Kettenis, Mark
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Kim, Jae-Young
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Kim, Junhan
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Kim, Jongsoo
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Kino, Motoki
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Koay, Jun Yi
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Koch, Patrick M.
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Koyama, Shoko
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Kramer, Michael
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Kramer, Carsten
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Krichbaum, Thomas P.
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Kuo, Cheng-Yu
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Lauer, Tod R.
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Lee, Sang-Sung
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Li, Yan-Rong
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Li, Zhiyuan
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Lindqvist, Michael
•
•
Liu, Jun
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Liu, Kuo
•
•
Lo, Wen-Ping
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Lobanov, Andrei P.
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Lonsdale, Colin
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Lu, Ru-Sen
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Mao, Jirong
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Markoff, Sera
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Marrone, Daniel P.
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Marscher, Alan P.
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Martí-Vidal, Iván
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Matsushita, Satoki
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Mizuno, Yosuke
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Mizuno, Izumi
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Moran, James M.
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Moriyama, Kotaro
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Moscibrodzka, Monika
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Müller, Cornelia
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Musoke, Gibwa
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Mus Mejías, Alejandro
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Nagai, Hiroshi
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Nagar, Neil M.
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Narayan, Ramesh
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Narayanan, Gopal
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Natarajan, Iniyan
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Neri, Roberto
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Noutsos, Aristeidis
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Okino, Hiroki
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Olivares, Héctor
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Oyama, Tomoaki
•
Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
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Park, Jongho
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Patel, Nimesh
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Pen, Ue-Li
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Piétu, Vincent
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Plambeck, Richard
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PopStefanija, Aleksandar
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Prather, Ben
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Preciado-López, Jorge A.
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Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh
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Rao, Ramprasad
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Rawlings, Mark G.
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Raymond, Alexander W.
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Ripperda, Bart
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Roelofs, Freek
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Rogers, Alan
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Ros, Eduardo
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Rose, Mel
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Roshanineshat, Arash
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Rottmann, Helge
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Roy, Alan L.
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Ruszczyk, Chet
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Ryan, Benjamin R.
•
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Sánchez, Salvador
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Sánchez-Arguelles, David
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Sasada, Mahito
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Savolainen, Tuomas
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Schloerb, F. Peter
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Schuster, Karl-Friedrich
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Shao, Lijing
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Shen, Zhiqiang
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Small, Des
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Sohn, Bong Won
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SooHoo, Jason
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Tazaki, Fumie
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Tilanus, Remo P. J.
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Titus, Michael
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Torne, Pablo
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Trent, Tyler
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Traianou, Efthalia
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Trippe, Sascha
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van Bemmel, Ilse
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van Langevelde, Huib Jan
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van Rossum, Daniel R.
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Wagner, Jan
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Wardle, John
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Ward-Thompson, Derek
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Weintroub, Jonathan
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Wex, Norbert
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Wharton, Robert
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Wielgus, Maciek
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Wong, George N.
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Wu, Qingwen
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Yoon, Doosoo
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Young, André
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Young, Ken
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Younsi, Ziri
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Yuan, Feng
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Yuan, Ye-Fei
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Zhao, Shan-Shan
•
EHT Collaboration
Abstract
The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational test of the black-hole metric in the strong-field regime. We show analytically that spacetimes that deviate from the Kerr metric but satisfy weak-field tests can lead to large deviations in the predicted black-hole shadows that are inconsistent with even the current EHT measurements. We use numerical calculations of regular, parametric, non-Kerr metrics to identify the common characteristic among these different parametrizations that control the predicted shadow size. We show that the shadow-size measurements place significant constraints on deviation parameters that control the second post-Newtonian and higher orders of each metric and are, therefore, inaccessible to weak-field tests. The new constraints are complementary to those imposed by observations of gravitational waves from stellar-mass sources.
Volume
125
Issue
14
Start page
141104
Issn Identifier
0031-9007
Ads BibCode
2020PhRvL.125n1104P
Rights
open.access
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