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  1. OA@INAF
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  3. 1 CONTRIBUTI IN RIVISTE (Journal articles)
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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/25976
Title: Dielectric properties of Jovian satellite ice analogs for subsurface radar exploration: A review
Authors: Pettinelli, Elena
COSCIOTTI, BARBARA
Di Paolo, Federico
Lauro, Sebastian Emanuel
MATTEI, ELISABETTA
OROSEI, ROBERTO 
Vannaroni, Giuliano
Issue Date: 2015
Journal: REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS 
Number: 53
Issue: 3
First Page: 593
Abstract: The first European mission dedicated to the exploration of Jupiter and its icy moons (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer—JUICE) will be launched in 2022 and will reach its final destination in 2030. The main goals of this mission are to understand the internal structure of the icy crusts of three Galilean satellites (Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto) and, ultimately, to detect Europa's subsurface ocean, which is believed to be the closest to the surface among those hypothesized to exist on these moons. JUICE will be equipped with the 9 MHz subsurface-penetrating radar RIME (Radar for Icy Moon Exploration), which is designed to image the ice down to a depth of 9 km. Moreover, a parallel mission to Europa, which will host onboard REASON (Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface) equipped with 9MHz and 60MHz antennas, has been recently approved by NASA. The success of these experiments strongly relies on the accurate prediction of the radar performance and on the optimal processing and interpretation of radar echoes that, in turn, depend on the dielectric properties of the materials composing the icy satellite crusts. In the present review we report a complete range of potential ice types that may occur on these icy satellites to understand how they may affect the results of the proposed missions. First, we discuss the experimental results on pure and doped water ice in the framework of the Jaccard theory, highlighting the critical aspects in terms of a lack of standard laboratory procedures and inconsistency in data interpretation. We then describe the dielectric behavior of extraterrestrial ice analogs like hydrates and icy mixtures, carbon dioxide ice and ammonia ice. Building on this review, we have selected the most suitable data to compute dielectric attenuation, velocity, vertical resolution, and reflection coefficients for such icy moon environments, with the final goal being to estimate the potential capabilities of the radar missions as a function of the frequency and temperature ranges of interest for the subsurface sounders. We present the different subsurface scenarios and associated radar signal attenuation models that have been proposed so far to simulate the structure of the crust of Europa and discuss the physical and geological nature of various dielectric targets potentially detectable with RIME. Finally, we briefly highlight several unresolved issues that should be addressed, in near future, to improve our capability to produce realistic electromagnetic models of icy moon crusts. The present review is of interest for the geophysical exploration of all solar system bodies, including the Earth, where ice can be present at the surface or at relatively shallow depths.
Acknowledgments: Acknowledgments We would like to thank Joseph A. MacGregor and the other anonymous reviewer whose contribute helped to significantly improve the quality of the manuscript. Moreover, we are grateful to Stanley Eugene Beaubien for correcting the English. This work has been supported by the Italian Space Agency through contract ASI/INAF 2013‐056‐RO. The data presented in this work are available; to have access to the files, please contact the corresponding author at the following email address: pettinelli@fis.uniroma3.it . The Editor for this paper was Mark Moldwin. He thanks Joseph MacGregor and one anonymous reviewer for their review assistance on this manuscript.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/25976
URL: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014RG000463
ISSN: 8755-1209
DOI: 10.1002/2014RG000463
Bibcode ADS: 2015RvGeo..53..593P
Fulltext: open
Appears in Collections:1.01 Articoli in rivista

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