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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/30954
Titolo: | Characterization of the varying flux of atmospheric muons measured with the Large Volume Detector for 24 years | Autori: | Agafonova,N. Yu. Aglietta, M. Antonioli, P. Ashikhmin, V. V. Bari, G. Bruno, G. Dobrynina, E. A. Enikeev, R. I. Fulgione, W. Galeotti, P. Garbini, M. Ghia, P. L. Giusti, P. Kemp, E. Malgin, A. S. Molinario, A. Persiani, R. Pless, I. A. Rubinetti, S. Ryazhskaya, O. G. Sartorelli, G. Shakiryanova, I. R. Selvi, M. Taricco, C. TRINCHERO, GIAN CARLO Vigorito, C. F. Yakushev, V. F. Zichichi, A. |
Data pubblicazione: | 2019 | Rivista: | PHYSICAL REVIEW D | Numero: | 100 | Fascicolo: | 6 | Abstract: | The Large Volume Detector (LVD), hosted in the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, is triggered by atmospheric muons at a rate of $\sim 0.1$~Hz. The data collected over almost a quarter of century are used to study the muon intensity underground. The 50-million muon series, the longest ever exploited by an underground instrument, allows for the accurate long-term monitoring of the muon intensity underground. This is relevant as a study of the background in the Gran Sasso Laboratory, which hosts a variety of long-duration, low-background detectors. We describe the procedure to select muon-like events as well as the method used to compute the exposure. We report the value of the average muon flux measured from 1994 to 2017: $\mathrm{I_{\mu}^0 = 3.35 \pm 0.0005^{stat}\pm 0.03^{sys} \cdot 10^{-4} ~m^{-2} s^{-1}}$. We show that the intensity is modulated around this average value due to temperature variations in the stratosphere. We quantify such a correlation by using temperature data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts: we find an effective temperature coefficient $\mathrm{\alpha_{T}} = 0.94\pm0.01^{stat} \pm0.01^{sys}$, in agreement with other measurements at the same depth. We scrutinise the spectral content of the time series of the muon intensity by means of the Lomb-Scargle analysis. This yields the evidence of a 1-year periodicity, as well as the indication of others, both shorter and longer, suggesting that the series is not a pure sinusoidal wave. Consequently, and for the first time, we characterise the observed modulation in terms of amplitude and position of maximum and minimum on a year-by-year basis. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/30954 | URL: | http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.04579v2 https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.062002 |
ISSN: | 2470-0010 | DOI: | 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.062002 | Fulltext: | open |
È visualizzato nelle collezioni: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista |
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PhysRevD.100.062002.pdf | Pdf editoriale | 2.24 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/apri |
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