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http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/32031
Title: | TOI-1634 b: An Ultra-short-period Keystone Planet Sitting inside the M-dwarf Radius Valley | Authors: | Cloutier, Ryan Charbonneau, David Stassun, Keivan G. Murgas, Felipe Mortier, Annelies Massey, Robert Lissauer, Jack J. Latham, David W. Irwin, Jonathan Haywood, Raphaëlle D. Guerra, Pere Girardin, Eric Giacalone, Steven A. Bosch-Cabot, Pau Bieryla, Allyson Winn, Joshua Watson, Christopher A. Vanderspek, Roland Udry, Stéphane Tamura, Motohide SOZZETTI, Alessandro Shporer, Avi Ségransan, Damien Seager, Sara Savel, Arjun B. Sasselov, Dimitar Rose, Mark Ricker, George Rice, Ken Quintana, Elisa V. Quinn, Samuel N. PIOTTO , GIAMPAOLO Phillips, David Pepe, Francesco Pedani, Marco Parviainen, Hannu Palle, Enric Narita, Norio MOLINARI, Emilio Carlo MICELA, Giuseppina McDermott, Scott Mayor, Michel Matson, Rachel A. Martinez Fiorenzano, Aldo F. Lovis, Christophe López-Morales, Mercedes Kusakabe, Nobuhiko Jensen, Eric L. N. Jenkins, Jon M. Huang, Chelsea X. Howell, Steve B. HARUTYUNYAN, AVET Fűrész, Gábor Fukui, Akihiko Esquerdo, Gilbert A. Esparza-Borges, Emma Dumusque, Xavier Dressing, Courtney D. Fabrizio, Luca Di Collins, Karen A. Cameron, Andrew Collier Christiansen, Jessie L. Cecconi, Massimo Buchhave, Lars A. Boschin, Walter ANDREUZZI, Gloria |
Issue Date: | 2021 | Journal: | THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL | Number: | 162 | Issue: | 2 | First Page: | 79 | Abstract: | Studies of close-in planets orbiting M dwarfs have suggested that the M-dwarf radius valley may be well explained by distinct formation timescales between enveloped terrestrials and rocky planets that form at late times in a gas-depleted environment. This scenario is at odds with the picture that close-in rocky planets form with a primordial gaseous envelope that is subsequently stripped away by some thermally driven mass-loss process. These two physical scenarios make unique predictions of the rocky/enveloped transition's dependence on orbital separation such that studying the compositions of planets within the M-dwarf radius valley may be able to establish the dominant physics. Here, we present the discovery of one such keystone planet: the ultra-short-period planet TOI-1634 b (P = 0.989 days, $F=121{F}_{\oplus }$, ${r}_{p}={1.790}_{-0.081}^{+0.080}$ R<SUB>⊕</SUB>) orbiting a nearby M2 dwarf (K<SUB>s</SUB> = 8.7, R<SUB>s</SUB> = 0.450 R<SUB>⊙</SUB>, M<SUB>s</SUB> = 0.502 M<SUB>⊙</SUB>) and whose size and orbital period sit within the M-dwarf radius valley. We confirm the TESS-discovered planet candidate using extensive ground-based follow-up campaigns, including a set of 32 precise radial velocity measurements from HARPS-N. We measure a planetary mass of ${4.91}_{-0.70}^{+0.68}$ M<SUB>⊕</SUB>, which makes TOI-1634 b inconsistent with an Earth-like composition at $5.9\sigma $ and thus requires either an extended gaseous envelope, a large volatile-rich layer, or a rocky composition that is not dominated by iron and silicates to explain its mass and radius. The discovery that the bulk composition of TOI-1634 b is inconsistent with that of Earth supports the gas-depleted formation mechanism to explain the emergence of the radius valley around M dwarfs with ${M}_{s}\lesssim 0.5$ M<SUB>⊙</SUB>. | URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12386/32031 | URL: | https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85113303932 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-3881/ac0157 |
ISSN: | 0004-6256 | DOI: | 10.3847/1538-3881/ac0157 | Bibcode ADS: | 2021AJ....162...79C | Fulltext: | open |
Appears in Collections: | 1.01 Articoli in rivista |
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File | Description | Size | Format | |
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2103.12790.pdf | preprint | 4.65 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
Cloutieretal.2021.pdf | [Administrators only] | 2.39 MB | Adobe PDF |
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